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For the first time, we demonstrate that A-G model extracted from short Vg-accelerated stresses can predict both long term DC and AC NBTI under low and dynamic operation Vg. This is achieved by successfully separating non-saturating defects from the saturating ones, allowing reliable extraction of power exponents needed for long term prediction. Unlike R-D model, A-G model does not require solving...
A novel electromigration (EM) structure is designed and characterized with advanced Cu/low-k technology. Comparing the EM results derived from novel and traditional test structures, a new EM failure mechanism is proposed. The new mechanism is caused by the Cu/barrier interface damage at the metal line-edge during upper Via opening process. This damage provides a fast diffusion path. From the downstream...
The conventional threshold voltage shift measured by extrapolating transfer characteristics, ΔVth(ex), underestimates the NBTI-induced degradation of drain current, ΔId. Mobility degradation, Δμ, has been proposed as a potential contributor to ΔId. Evaluating Δμ, however, can be problematic and controversial. For test engineers, it is desirable to include all degradations in one parameter and we propose...
Vascular remodeling is related to time-varying mechanical stress. In this report, arterial pressures (APs) in six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats are indirectly altered by the upper airway obstruction induced by the injection of Sodium Hyaluronate. The respiratory pressures (RPs) in the upper airways, the APs in the common carotid arteries in the six SD model rats and six SD control rats are simultaneously...
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is pain or discomfort in the leg from repetitive running on hard surfaces or forcible excessive use of foot flexors. Early diagnosis is extremely critical for proper treatment and reduces complications. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has been widely used to assess bone quality non-invasively, it is also radiation free, repeatable, safe, relatively accurate, and...
The traditional glass drilling using mechanical processing and laser processing in air would produce many kinds of defects such as bugle, debris, crack and scorch. In this paper, we have applied the method of liquid-assisted laser processing (LALP) to reduce the temperature gradient, heat-affect zone region for achieving crack-free glass drilling. At the parameters of laser power 6 W, scanning speed...
The traditional glass forming using laser ablation in air would produce many kinds of defects such as bulge, debris, crack and scorch. In this paper, we have applied the method of PDMS assisted laser processing to reduce the temperature gradient, heat-affect zone region for achieving crack-free glass ablation. The laser power of 15 W, PDMS thickness of 150 μm and scanning speed of 228 and 342 mm/s...
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