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The misuse of prescription opiates is on the rise with combination therapies (e.g. acetaminophen or NSAIDs) resulting in severe liver and kidney damage. In recent years, cannabinoid receptors have been identified as potential modulators of pain and rewarding behaviors associated with cocaine, nicotine and ethanol in preclinical models. Yet, few studies have identified whether mu opioid agonists and...
Supraspinally mediated antinociception has been clearly established for agonists acting via both μ- and δ-opioid receptors. The present experiments were undertaken to further characterize the role of supraspinal opioid δ receptors in the mediation of antinociception in rats and to examine the possible role of putative δ 1 - and δ 2 -opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect....
Carrageenan-induced inflammation of the rat hindpaw has been used as a model for persistent pain of inflammatory origin. The induction of inflammation resulting from carrageenan injection in the rat hindpaw has been shown to elicit an increase in the antinociceptive potency of morphine, an effect postulated to be related to reduced levels of spinal cholecystokinin (CCK). Recent findings have related...
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