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In this study, a bench scale forward osmosis (FO) process was operated using two commonly available FO membranes in different orientations in order to examine the removal of foulants in the coal seam gas (CSG) associated water, the water flux and fouling behaviours of the process were also investigated. After 48h of fouling simulation experiment, the water flux declined by approximately 55 and 35%...
In this study, high scaling potential brackish water was used as feed water. To avoid rapid and severe scaling on the RO membrane, a forward osmosis stage was used as a pre-treatment of RO stage to remove scaling ions and organic matter. First, a modelling approach has been developed to optimise the operational conditions of FO–RO train. Both water flux and energy consumption have been considered...
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