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To assess the surgeon factors influencing the surgical treatment decisions for symptomatic stone disease. The factors influencing the selection of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy to treat symptomatic stone disease are not well studied. Electronic surveys were sent to urologists with American Medical Association membership. Information on training, practice,...
Objectives. To investigate the effect of varying levels of mechanical deformation (cyclic stretch-relaxation) on protein and DNA synthesis rates in human bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Cells in the bladder wall respond to outlet obstruction by increasing rates of protein synthesis (''hypertrophy'') and/or DNA synthesis (''hyperplasia''); however, it is not established how these distinct processes...
Objectives. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a cytokine that plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. VEGF is overexpressed in many human cancers, including prostate cancer, but circulating levels of VEGF in patients with prostate cancer have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed plasma concentrations of VEGF in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and compared them...
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