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Hypabyssal kimberlites are similar in their mineralogy and geochemistry across the world, and thus form a distinct magma type that is produced repeatedly in time and space. This small volume magma is derived from the asthenosphere (200–?650 km), and as it nears the surface consists of olivine macrocrysts, i.e. xenocrysts (~25 vol.%), olivine phenocrysts (~25 vol.%), entrained in a Ba–Ti–Mg-rich, Al-poor...
Liquidus and sub-liquidus phase relationships are reported for melts formed from an aphanitic kimberlite composition crystallized at 5–12 GPa and 900–1400 °C. The liquidus phase over the pressure range investigated is forsteritic olivine. This is followed with decreasing temperature by olivine plus garnet as the initial sub-liquidus solid phase assemblage. Supra-solidus assemblages consist of olivine+garnet+clinopyroxene+Mg-ilmenite+liquid...
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