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Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion and frequency-domain inter-chip interference (ICI) cancellation can be incorporated into turbo decoding (this is called the MMSE turbo equalization in this paper) to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA). DS-CDMA MMSE turbo equalization requires...
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