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Although graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have been received much attention owing to their wide variety of structural, electronic, and physical properties, little is known about changes in magnetism as a function of intercalants. In this paper, we performed magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements on Li-intercalated compounds, C6Lix, which are currently used as a negative electrode material...
High-surface-area carbon xerogels were prepared in the form of disks via carbonization of precursor resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) polymer disks and subsequent activation of the resultant RF carbon xerogels by CO2. RF carbon xerogels allow the preparation of a set of pre-activated carbon disks having different mesopore volumes. Analysis of the relationship between the mesopore volume of the samples...
Carbon gels are unique porous carbons, which are typically obtained through the carbonization of resorcinol–formaldehyde gels. They are practically an aggregate of nanometer-sized carbon particles. Nanopores, mostly in the size range of mesopores, exist between the particles. Smaller pores, micropores being the majority, also exist within the particles. Therefore, this material has a hierarchical...
The electrochemical and electromechanical properties of actuators developed using a non-activated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–ionic liquid (IL) gel electrode containing ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) were compared with only-MWCNT and only-single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based actuators. The double-layer capacitance of the non-activated MWCNT electrode containing RuO 2 was...
Actuators were developed using activated and non-activated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–ionic liquid (IL) gel electrodes and compared to a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based actuator with respect to the electrochemical and electromechanical properties. The activated MWCNT–COOH/polymer actuator surpassed the SWCNT/polymer actuator in terms of the generated strain.
Polyaniline (PANI) or carbon black (CB) was used as a conductive additive in porous electrodes of a dry-type carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer actuator to improve the actuation properties. We estimated the strain from the bending motion of the actuator in the frequency range of 200–0.005Hz. The generated stress was calculated from the Young’s modulus of the electrode film and the maximum strain. Eight...
A bucky-gel actuator based on active electrodes composed of activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs), ionic liquids (ILs) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF(HFP)) as polymer support have been developed (ACNF-actuator). The frequency dependence of the displacement was measured for the actuators containing seven kinds of ILs. The frequency responses of the ACNF-actuators were one...
A new method in preparation of 3D interconnected macroporous carbon monolith has been introduced. Ultrasonic irradiation (ultrasonic intensity 78W/cm 2 ) and low catalyst concentration (C/W=10mol/m 3 ) of RF solution are used as an interesting and unique preparation method for 3D interconnected macroporous sonogel (gel irradiated by ultrasound at gelation stage) and/or 3D interconnected...
Mesoporous carbon gels are usually obtained by pyrolyzing resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) gels, which are synthesized via the sol–gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde in a slightly basic aqueous solution followed by drying. However, mesoporous carbon gels cannot be prepared under the conditions of high catalyst concentration or high pH of RF solution even by using supercritical drying...
Amorphous carbon materials for lithium ion battery anodes which contain a small amount of Li 2 CO 3 were prepared by three methods. The obtained materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy and CO 2 adsorption experiments. Although the XRD profiles and Raman spectra of these materials were similar to those of carbon materials synthesized...
Carbon gel microspheres containing silicon powder were successfully prepared by simply adding silicon powder to the water phase during the inverse emulsion polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde, followed by freeze-drying and carbonization in an inert atmosphere. SEM images and XRD profiles of the obtained carbon gel microspheres suggest that the silicon powder was successfully encased within...
Using semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations, Li ion storage states in heteroatom-substituted carbon materials were studied. Heteroatom-substituted polycyclic hydrocarbon molecules XC 53 H 18 (X B, N, Si, P) were adopted as models of heteroatom-substituted graphene sheets. Electronic structures of the XC 53 H 18 sheets and the interactions...
Vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) grown via a liquid pulse injection technique mostly have a turbostratic structure with a smooth surface (ca. 90%). The rest are connected or fused fibers, and fibers with spheroidal grains on their surfaces. It was clarified by TEM observation that the central core of the VGCFs whose diameter is 0.2-0.5 μm has an amorphous structure and is surrounded by graphitic...
Semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations were carried out to clarify storage states of Li ions in amorphous carbon anodes of Li ion batteries. Storage states of Li ions between two graphene sheets were investigated and a favorable structure for a carbon anode to produce large reversible and small irreversible capacities is discussed. A polycyclic hydrocarbon molecule, C 54 H ...
The role of surfactants on carbon cryogels is investigated by using three different surfactants, nonionic (SPAN80), cationic (trimethylstearylammonium chloride; C18) and nonionic polymeric fluorinated (FC4430) surfactants. By using different SPAN80 concentrations (10.0, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 vol.%), double-structure carbon microspheres with S BET (630-700 m 2 /g) and V ...
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