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Stress effects during metal migration and their numerical modeling methods are reviewed. A multi-physics simulation method is proposed and developed so that the electric current and stress can be solved simultaneously and the vacancy concentration predicted in a seamless framework. The stress generated by atomic movement and back stress effects [1] have been especially considered and modeled in this...
To suppress traffic jam, we proposed a new modified coupled map car following model with proportional velocity difference factor. In this new kind of model, the full velocity difference value between two successive vehicles was incorporated into following vehicle's acceleration running equation. By taking the small velocity disturbance of preceding vehicle as error input, the system stability dynamics...
Failures caused by the electromigration (EM) are becoming a primary reliability concern of integrated circuits and electronics packaging designers and manufacturers. In the foreseeable future, the trend of greater scale integration and further miniaturization in the microelectronics industry is expected to continue and this will make the metallization in electronics devices more susceptible to EM...
Summary form only given. High intensity discharge (HID) lamps have a small volume, high pressure and high luminance. This makes them very useful for illumination of large surface areas such as streets and stadiums. A numerical model is being set up in order to fully understand the energy balance and transport processes in such lamps. The model can be greatly simplified if the discharge of the HID...
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