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Electrodialytic desalination/concentration of brackish water (TDS ca. 10 g/L) in an integrated ED — thermal desalination system was examined. The ED unit stacks geometry, and the ED system arrangement and operating conditions were optimized to identify minimum desalination/concentration costs. The ED stack with relatively low 0.19 mm membrane to membrane distance, and three stage ED system arrangement...
Conventional SWRO systems work under 6.5 MPa with 40% recovery. Developed in Japan, the BCS system can obtain up to 60% recovery under 9.0 MPa in the second stage RO modules. The recovery of desalted water by a high pressure RO (H PRO) can be increased up to 75–80% under 20 MPa in an integrated system for complete usage of components in seawater which is being developed also in Japan. In the process...
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