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The increase of the electric power demand is at the level 2–3% per year, and in some regions of the world may become much higher. In the same time the infrastructure of power systems develop much slower. The smart grid technology is to use modern telecommunication and informatics to bridge the gap. The aim is to integrate generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of the electrical energy...
In this paper, the ultrasaturation phenomenon of power transformers during their energization is studied. It is shown that under special conditions, the currents observed after transformer switching on do not contain enough restraining information (e.g., second harmonic), which may lead to protection maloperation. This paper concentrates on a thorough explanation of the problem and possible causes...
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