Search results for: Ł. Bernat

Items from 1 to 20 out of 46 results

article

Neither Ethical nor Prudent: Why Not to Choose Normothermic Regional Perfusion

Adam Omelianchuk, Alexander Morgan Capron, Lainie Friedman Ross, Arthur R. Derse, more

Hastings Center Report > 54 > 4 > 14 - 23

In transplant medicine, the use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in donation after circulatory determination of death raises ethical difficulties. NRP is objectionable because it restores the donor's circulation, thus invalidating a death declaration based on the permanent cessation of circulation. NRP's defenders respond with arguments that are tortuous and factually inaccurate and depend on introducing extraneous concepts into the law. However, results comparable to NRP's—more and higher‐quality organs and more efficient allocation—can be achieved by removing organs from deceased donors and using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to support the organs outside the body, without jeopardizing confidence in transplantation's legal and ethical foundations. Given the controversy that NRP generates and the convoluted justifications made for it, we recommend a prudential approach we call “ethical parsimony,” which holds that, in the choice between competing means of achieving a result, the ethically simpler one is to be preferred. This approach makes clear that policy‐makers should favor NMP over NRP...

article

Taking the pulse of brain death: A meta‐analysis of the natural history of brain death with somatic support

Ivancarmine Gambardella, Francesco Nappi, Berhane Worku, Robert F. Tranbaugh, more

European Journal of Neurology > 31 > 5 > n/a - n/a

Background and purpose The conceptualization of brain death (BD) was pivotal in the shaping of judicial and medical practices. Nonetheless, media reports of alleged recovery from BD reinforced the criticism that this construct is a self‐fulfilling prophecy (by treatment withdrawal or organ donation). We meta‐analyzed the natural history of BD when somatic support (SS) is maintained. Methods Publications...

article

Ethical Justifications for Pandemic Rationing Strategies

James L. Bernat

Annals of Neurology > 88 > 3 > 433 - 435

article

Permanent brain arrest as the sole criterion of death in systemic circulatory arrest

D. Gardiner, A. McGee, J. L. Bernat

Anaesthesia > 75 > 9 > 1223 - 1228

Historically, there has been a tendency to think that there are two types of death: circulatory and neurological. Holding onto this tendency is making it harder to navigate emerging resuscitative technologies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the recent well‐publicised experiment that demonstrated the possibility of restoring cellular function to some brain neurons 4 h after normothermic...

article

Identification of Substitute Thermophysical Properties of Gypsum Mould

Ł. Bernat, P. Popielarski

Archives of Foundry Engineering > 2020 > Vol. 20, iss. 1 > 5--8

Simplifications used in simulation program codes require the use of substitute parameters in the material databases (also called apparent or substitutive). On the one hand, they formally fit into the records used in the heat flow model, porosity, properties etc. and on the other hand they should be determined in conditions most similar to the real casting-mould system. The article presents results...

article

Clinical Decision‐Making for Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

James L. Bernat

Annals of Neurology > 87 > 1 > 19 - 21

article

Application of 3D Printed Casting Models for Disamatch Forming Method

L. Bernat, A. Kroma

Archives of Foundry Engineering > 2019 > iss. 4 > 95--98

This paper presents results of a research on the possibilities of applying 3D printed casting models for small production series as alternative to traditional tooling production on automated DisaMatch mould production lines. The main task was to verify and compare the dimensions of the 3D printed models before and after moulding process. The paper discusses main advantages and disadvantages of the...

article

Conceptual Issues in DCDD Donor Death Determination

James L. Bernat

Hastings Center Report > 48 > S4 > S26 - S28

Despite the popularity, success, and growth of programs of organ donation after the circulatory determination of death (DCDD), a long‐standing controversy persists over whether the organ donor is truly dead at the moment physicians declare death, usually following five minutes of circulatory and respiratory arrest. Advocates of the prevailing death determination standard claim that the donor is dead when declared because of permanent cessation of respiration and circulation. Critics of this standard argue that while the cessation of respiration and circulation may be permanent, it may not be irreversible at the moment death is declared because, if cardiopulmonary resuscitation were performed, it might succeed. And because irreversibility of cessation of respiration and circulation is required by both the statute and the biological concept of death, the donor must be alive. Who is correct?...

article

A Conceptual Justification for Brain Death

James L. Bernat

Hastings Center Report > 48 > S4 > S19 - S21

Among the old and new controversies over brain death, none is more fundamental than whether brain death is equivalent to the biological phenomenon of human death. Here, I defend this equivalency by offering a brief conceptual justification for this view of brain death, a subject that Andrew Huang and I recently analyzed elsewhere in greater detail. My defense of the concept of brain death has evolved since Bernard Gert, Charles Culver, and I first addressed it in 1981, a development that paralleled advances in intensive care unit treatment. The century‐old concept of the...

article

Ethical, Palliative, and Policy Considerations in Disorders of Consciousness

Joseph J. Fins, James L. Bernat

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation > 2018 > 99 > 9 > 1927-1931

This essay complements the scientific and practice scope of the American Academy of Neurology Guideline on Disorders of Consciousness by providing a discussion of the ethical, palliative, and policy aspects of the management of this group of patients. We endorse the renaming of “permanent” vegetative state to “chronic” vegetative state given the increased frequency of reports of late improvements...

article

Nosologic considerations in disorders of consciousness

James L. Bernat

Annals of Neurology > 82 > 6 > 863 - 865

article

Headache Professional Societies: Ethical Challenges and Suggested Solutions

David Borsook, James L. Bernat

Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain > 57 > 8 > 1273 - 1283

Codes of professional conduct continue to be an essential component of maintaining the integrity of individuals, academic institutions, and medical societies. We review ethical issues of professional conduct focusing on conflicts of interest (COI). We explain how to manage or mitigate COI in the context of professionals involved in headache medicine and its medical specialty societies. We identify...

article

Donation after brain circulation determination of death

Anne L. Dalle Ave, James L. Bernat

BMC Medical Ethics > 2017 > 18 > 1 > 1-6

Background The fundamental determinant of death in donation after circulatory determination of death is the cessation of brain circulation and function. We therefore propose the term donation after brain circulation determination of death [DBCDD]. Results In DBCDD, death is determined when the cessation of circulatory function is permanent but before it is irreversible, consistent with medical standards...

article

Minority Representation in Migraine Treatment Trials

Nathaniel M. Robbins, James L. Bernat

Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain > 57 > 3 > 525 - 533

Background Minorities have historically been underrepresented in clinical research trials despite having comparatively poor health indicators. Recognizing the dual inequalities of increased disease burden and decreased research participation, the National Institute of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 mandated the inclusion and reporting of women and minorities in NIH‐funded research. While...

article

Comparison of international normalized ratio audit parameters in patients enrolled in GARFIELD‐AF and treated with vitamin K antagonists

David A. Fitzmaurice, Gabriele Accetta, Sylvia Haas, Gloria Kayani, more

British Journal of Haematology > 174 > 4 > 610 - 623

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) requires monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR). We evaluated the agreement between two INR audit parameters, frequency in range (FIR) and proportion of time in the therapeutic range (TTR), using data from a global population of patients with newly diagnosed non‐valvular AF, the Global Anticoagulant...

article

Ethical Issues in the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Controlled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death

A. L. Dalle Ave, D. M. Shaw, J. L. Bernat

American Journal of Transplantation > 16 > 8 > 2293 - 2299

The use of donor extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to improve graft outcomes by some controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) programs raises ethical issues. We reviewed cDCDD protocols using ECMO and the relevant ethics literature to analyze these issues. It is not obvious that ECMO in cDCDD improves graft outcomes. In our opinion, ECMO implemented before death...

article

Using the brain criterion in organ donation after the circulatory determination of death

Anne L. Dalle Ave, James L. Bernat

Journal of Critical Care > 2016 > 33 > C > 114-118

The UK, France, and Switzerland determine death using the brain criterion even in organ donation after the circulatory determination of death (DCDD), in which the United States and Canada use the circulatory-respiratory criterion. In our analysis of the scientific validity of the brain criterion in DCDD, we concluded that although it may be attractive in theory because it conceptualizes death as a...

article

A review of the ethics of the use of placebo in clinical trials for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis therapeutics

Andrew J. Solomon, James L. Bernat

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders > 2016 > 7 > C > 109-112

Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials have been considered the most rigorous method of evaluating the efficacy of novel treatment interventions. The first effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were approved in the 1990s after a number of pivotal placebo-controlled trials. Since then, the ethics of the continued use of placebo in clinical...

chapter

On Irreversibility as a Prerequisite for Brain Death Determination

James L. Bernat

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology > Brain Death and Disorders of Consciousness > Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Treatment > 161-167

Brain death is the colloquial term describing the determination of human death based upon showing the irreversible cessation of all clinical brain functions. Although the term brain death is potentially misleading because it suggests that there are different types of death, or that it is only the brain that is dead in such cases, it is the term that remains universally used and I will use...

article

Malformations artérioveineuses et fistules durales artérioveineuses intracrâniennes en réanimation

S. Lenck, C. Damoisel, A. -L. Bernat, D. Bresson, more

Médecine Intensive Réanimation > 2015 > 24 > 5 > 509-521

Résumé Les malformations artérioveineuses (MAV) cérébrales et les fistules durales artérioveineuses intracrâniennes sont des causes classiques d’hémorragie cérébrale. Elles peuvent également se manifester par une épilepsie, et surtout pour les fistules durales, par un oedème cérébral par hyperpression veineuse. Ces complications peuvent entraîner des symptômes neurologiques nécessitant une prise en...

Publication date

Last 3 months (1)
Last year (2)
Last 3 years (2)

Close

Date range setting

Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.

From:

To:
Set your own date range

INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: Ł. Bernat

Neither Ethical nor Prudent: Why Not to Choose Normothermic Regional Perfusion

Taking the pulse of brain death: A meta‐analysis of the natural history of brain death with somatic support

Ethical Justifications for Pandemic Rationing Strategies

Permanent brain arrest as the sole criterion of death in systemic circulatory arrest

Identification of Substitute Thermophysical Properties of Gypsum Mould

Clinical Decision‐Making for Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

Application of 3D Printed Casting Models for Disamatch Forming Method

Conceptual Issues in DCDD Donor Death Determination

A Conceptual Justification for Brain Death

Ethical, Palliative, and Policy Considerations in Disorders of Consciousness

Nosologic considerations in disorders of consciousness

Headache Professional Societies: Ethical Challenges and Suggested Solutions

Donation after brain circulation determination of death

Minority Representation in Migraine Treatment Trials

Comparison of international normalized ratio audit parameters in patients enrolled in GARFIELD‐AF and treated with vitamin K antagonists

Ethical Issues in the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Controlled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death

Using the brain criterion in organ donation after the circulatory determination of death

A review of the ethics of the use of placebo in clinical trials for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis therapeutics

On Irreversibility as a Prerequisite for Brain Death Determination

Malformations artérioveineuses et fistules durales artérioveineuses intracrâniennes en réanimation

Filter options

Publication date

Content availability

Publication type

Publication language

Keywords

Data set

Journal

INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: Ł. Bernat

Add recipient

Sending message cancelled

Are you sure you want to cancel sending this message?

Send message

Filter options

Publication date

Date range setting

Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.

Content availability

Publication type

Publication language

Keywords

Data set

Journal

Reporting an error / abuse

Sending the report failed

Accessibility options