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Aims
This study used a behavioral approach‐avoidance task including images of alcoholic beverages to test whether low sensitivity to alcohol (LS) is a phenotypical marker of a dispositional propensity to attribute bottom‐up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues.
Design, setting and participants
Experimental study with a measured individual difference variable at a university psychology...
Background and Aims
Previous research has demonstrated phenotypical associations between disordered gambling (DG) and Big 5 personality traits, and a twin study suggested that shared genetic influences accounted for a substantial portion of this relation. The present study examined associations between DG and polygenic scores (PSs) for Big 5 traits to measure the shared genetic underpinnings of Big...
Aims
To investigate how strongly smoking dependence and smoking dependence motives are associated with depressive symptoms among daily smokers and if these associations are independent of measured confounders and shared familial factors.
Design
Cross‐sectional individual‐based and within‐pair analyses.
Setting
Fourth wave of the population‐based Finnish Twin Cohort conducted in 2011.
Participants...
Background and Aims
Geographic differences in rates of alcohol use disorder suggest that environmental factors and gene–environment interactions are likely to play an important role in its genesis. We aimed to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to develop alcohol problems.
Design
Cross‐sectional twin/sibling...
Aims(1) To compare affective changes over drinking and non‐drinking days among frequent drinkers and (2) to evaluate whether drinkers’ expectations influence affective changes and perceived pleasure and relief from drinking.
DesignObservational study involving ecological momentary assessments collected via electronic diaries during the course of 3 weeks.
SettingDrinkers’ usual settings in Columbia,...
Background and Aim
The course of disordered gambling in women has been described as ‘telescoped’ compared with that in men, with a later age at initiation of gambling but shorter times from initiation to disorder. This study examined the evidence, for the first time, for such a telescoping effect in a general population rather than a treatment‐seeking sample.
Method
Participants in a large community‐based...
AimsTo quantify the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to alcohol hangover.
DesignBiometric models were used to partition the variance in hangover phenotypes.
SettingA community‐based sample of Australian twins.
ParticipantsMembers of the Australian Twin Registry, Cohort II who reported consuming alcohol in the past year when surveyed in 2004–07 (n = 4496).
MeasurementsTelephone...
Aims To examine the role of abstinence from gambling versus controlled gambling in recovery from pathological gambling (PG) in a community‐based survey.
Design Individuals with a life‐time history of PG identified in a community‐based survey were divided into three groups based on their current levels of PG symptoms. These three groups were compared to each other on their past‐year gambling involvement...
Aims To determine, in the context of a trial in which counseling did not improve smoking cessation outcomes, whether this was due to a failure of the conceptual theory identifying treatment targets or the action theory specifying interventions.
Design Data from a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation counseling and bupropion SR were submitted to multi‐level modeling to test whether counseling...
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