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The aim of this paper is to investigate the heating behavior of biomass materials under microwave pyrolysis process. A detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed based on the finite volume method using ANSYS CFX (14.0) software to describe the heat and mass transfer during the microwave processing of biomass pellets. The article presents a modeling approach for incorporating the...
In the last years, several methods based on fluorescence spectroscopy have been proposed to investigate different aspects related to biodiesel industry for presenting some advantages such as simplicity, reliability, low-cost and real-time analysis. Nevertheless, the excitation light, depending on its beam intensity, may induce by itself sample degradation during the monitoring due to the low oxidative...
The effect of metal contaminants Fe(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) on the stability of soybean biodiesel (SB) was studied in the presence and absence of alternatives binary and ternary blends. The blends were composed by alizarin (ALZ), as the alternative additive, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) as well as the citric acid (CA) and their effectiveness on SB (B100) stability was evaluated via...
Pure Plant Oil (PPO) is extracted from the seeds of oil producing plants. It is often further processed to make bio-diesel in order to reduce the fuel’s viscosity, thus making it suitable for direct use in diesel engines. This process adds to the fuel production energy consumption, increases the fuel cost and generates undesirable by-products. The viscosity of PPO can also be reduced by heating the...
Ever since the recognition that macerals behave differently during the coking process, their thermal behaviour and its relationship with coke properties have become research topics of widespread interest. The present study is focused on the characterization of six bituminous coals of different rank from Upper Silesia (Poland) and their carbonized products obtained in a relatively high-capacity thermogravimeter...
Cokes produced at 1000°C from blends made up of a coking coal and lignocelulosic biomass -Eucalyptus and Olive woods and their charcoals- were evaluated under dynamic and isothermal gasification conditions in a CO 2 environment. The effects of adding different types of biomass to coal in quantities as low as 2wt% were compared with the effects caused by the addition of wood constituents -xylan,...
A systematic study has been carried out on the relationship between the composition, morphology, and structural characteristics of iron-containing phases of 25 narrow fractions of ferrospheres with the Fe 2 O 3 content in the range 30–92wt.%, which are separated from four known (S, FS, CS, and FCS) types of fly ashes. It has been established that the compositions of the major components...
This work presents the coupled measurements of droplet size distribution, droplet velocity distribution and droplet shape in a dimethyl ether (DME) spray with 6MPa and 8MPa injection pressures into a high pressure atmosphere with 2MPa. To investigate the influence of the spray characteristics on the auto-ignition characteristics of the spray, the auto-ignition delay time was measured. The comparison...
As the worldwide consumption of poultry meat rises the use of poultry fat as a feedstock for biodiesel production becomes attractive considering economical and environmental reasons. However, poultry fat biodiesel still faces some restrictions due to its poor flow properties at low temperatures. In this study ethylic and methylic poultry fat biodiesels and their blends with diesel were evaluated in...
Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process was applied to diesel oil and petroleum product feedstock containing model sulfur compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and dimethyldibenzothiophene). The influence of oxidant amount, volume of solvent for the extraction step and time and temperature of ultrasound treatment (20kHz, 750W, operating at 40%) was investigated. Using the...
The main factors responsible for the oxidative processes of biodiesel are oxygen, metal traces, high temperature and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids. The biodiesel quality is harmed by the oxidation products, which are corrosive to engine chambers and may lead to clogging of the injection pumps and filters, besides increasing the biodiesel viscosity. Thus, this work aimed at investigating the...
The relationship between the composition and structure of the shell of low-density non-perforated cenospheres of fly ashes from the combustion of coal from the Kuznetsk Basin (Russia) at temperatures of 1500 and 1650°C has been investigated. Narrow fractions of cenospheres of constant composition have been separated from concentrates with the use of the technological scheme including stages of hydrodynamic...
1 H NMR spectroscopy, combined with pattern recognition techniques (PCA and SOM) was used in discriminating base oils and refinery-intermediate products. Both PCA and SOM enabled correct oil discrimination into groups in accordance with API 1509. Moreover, information about the structural compositions of the samples, correlated with their physical and chemical properties, was provided. The PCA...
B3LYP/6–31+G(d) calculations were employed to investigate the mechanism of the transesterification reaction between a model monoglyceride and the methoxide and ethoxide anions. The gas-phase results reveal that both reactions have essentially the same activation energy (5.9kcalmol −1 ) for decomposition of the key tetrahedral intermediate. Solvent effects were included by means of both microsolvation...
The use of 1 H NMR to quantify different methyl biodiesels in diesel from different sources is described. Biodiesel samples from soybean and castor oils, which have different fatty acid compositions, and three diesel fuels, which have distinct chemical compositions, were used to prepare biodiesel blends (0.5–30%, v/v). These samples were analyzed by 1 H NMR and some relationships of...
The world tendency in last years is to restrict the use of fossil fuels and replace them partially or totally by renewable fuels. Accordingly, biodiesel is being studied as one of the main alternatives and the production and consumption of this pure biofuel and its binary blends with fossil diesel have been markedly grown. Thus, the present work evaluated the influence of biodiesel concentration on...
One of the perspective methods for clean solid fuels production is biodesulphurization. In order to increase the effect of this approach it is necessary to apply the advantages of more informative analytical techniques. Atmospheric pressure temperature programming reduction (AP-TPR) coupled with different detection systems gave us ground to attain more satisfactory explanation of the effects of biodesulphurization...
A comparative investigation of the composition and the morphology of char particles was conducted: char particles were recovered from fly ashes of two power stations in Russia from burning of high- and low-reactivity high-ash coals; the known results of studies of char particles generated in laboratory conditions from coals characterized according to the ASTM D388-98a standard were also used. The...
Particulate matter in fly ash from ESP inlet and outlet of a coal fired power plant in India was measured for five units of 120MW and 210MW of the power plant. Samples of the pulverised coal and bottom and fly ashes were also collected. The size distribution and chemical composition of particulate matter were determined using a laser particle analyser, an ion chromatograph (IC) and an inductively...
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