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Bombesin (BN)-like peptides might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Stereotyped behaviors induced by the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine or the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) in rodents have been proposed as animal models of schizophrenic psychosis. In the present study we evaluated the effects of the...
This study was undertaken to assess the role of calcium channels in the contractile response induced by substance P in the isolated rat iris. Substance P produced graded and sustained contraction in the rat iris. Pre-incubation of preparations with thapsigargin (1μM), verapamil (1μM), isradipine (1μM) or with ω-conotoxin MCIIA (0.1μM) did not significantly inhibit substance P-mediated contraction...
We have reported previously that bradykinin (BK) induces potent and reproducible concentration-dependent contractions of the pig iris sphincter (PIS) muscle in vitro through the activation of BK B 2 receptors. Here we attempted to investigate additional mechanisms by which BK induces contraction of the PIS in vitro. BK-mediated contraction of the PIS relied largely on the external Ca 2...
Bombesin (BN)-like peptides regulate cell proliferation and cancer growth as well as neuroendocrine and neural functions. We evaluated the effects of the BN/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) antagonist RC-3095 on memory formation. Male Wistar rats were given a bilateral infusion of saline or RC-3095 (0.2, 1.0 or 5.0μg) into the dorsal hippocampus either immediately or 2h after training in an inhibitory...
The dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) is one of the main output regions of the brainstem for the expression of defense reaction. Recent findings implicating neurokinins in the expression of fear or anxiety-like behaviors, have stimulated interest in the participation of these neuropeptides in the generation of aversive states in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter. Analyses of traditional...
This study analyzes both cell migration and exudation responses elicited by substance P (SP) in the mouse pleural cavity. SP caused, 4 h after its administration into the mouse pleural cavity, a dose-related recruitment of leukocytes (ED 50 = 14.2 nmol), mainly due to mononuclears. Leukocytes peaked between 2 and 4 h, being followed by a slight decay that remained elevated for up to 24...
The effects of several drugs (terfenadine, bradykinin B 2 receptor antagonists: HOE 140, NPC 17731, diacerein, indomethacin, meloxicam, nabumetone, and dexamethasone) upon myeloperoxidase and nitrate levels were analyzed in an inflammation model characterized by biphasic peaks (4 and 48 h) of cell migration and of fluid leakage. Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly higher only in the...
Intradermal (ID) injection of the natural tachykinins substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) (0.3-30 nmol) resulted in a marked and dose-related rat paw edema, with mean ED 50 values of 2.68 nmol, 1.17 nmol, and 0.80 nmol, respectively. The ID injection of the selective NK 1 , SP methyl-ester (1-30 nmol), NK 2 , [β-Ala 8 ]-neurokinin A ...
The modulatory effects of IL-1β and TNFα on the rat paw edema induced by B 1 agonists have been analyzed. In naive rats, ID injection of B 1 agonists, des-Arg 9 -bradykinin and des-Arg 10 -kallidin (up to 300 nmol), causes a minimal increase in paw volume, while the B 2 agonist tyrosine 8 -bradykinin (0.3-10 nmol) induces graded paw edema. The injection...
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