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Climate change creates a big challenge for forest science. One of several problems calling for urgent solution concerns the elaboration of the scientific foundations for determination of the species composition of forest stands under changing environmental conditions. This problem is particularly acute in case of declining Norway spruce stands in the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland). The paper presents...
The paper describes changes, which took place over the last 30 years in old−growth forest stands occupying two permanent research plots, established in the Kaliszki and Sieraków strict protection areas in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland). Both plots have a form of ecological transects. The Kaliszki plot is 20 m wide and 700 m long (1.40 ha), while the Sieraków plot (total area of 2.56 ha)...
Two fundamental demographic processes (tree recruitment and mortality) are analyzed for forest stands growing on permanent study plots located in strictly protected Scots pine−dominated, old−growth stands of Kampinos National Park (central Poland). The major implications of the observed demographic trends for the general shape of tree size distributions are determined, as well. During the past ca...
The ability of spatial expansion and conquering of new locations, suitable for growth, is one of the most important properties enabling different plant species (including forest trees) a permanent existence in a constantly changing (in space and in time) environment. In the course of evolution, plants developed several adaptations and mechanisms enabling them to capture new localities appropriate...
The aim of this study was to quantify 4−year growth and increment of 11− to 15−year−old, artificially regenerated hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) playing the role of the tending (nursery) species in the oak stand of the same age, after the silvicultural treatments aimed at reducing its competition against the oak. The study included three types of experimental treatments: decapitating of all hornbeam...
The paper describes current (in years 2007−2017) changes of basic parameters of forest stands that constitute the managed part of Białowieża Forest (ca. 53,000 ha), divided into three forest districts: Białowieża (12,600 ha), Hajnówka (19,700 ha) and Browsk (20,400 ha). The investigated tree stands represent different phases of ecological succession, modified by silvicultural treatments and other...
Changes in the herbaceous layer (vascular plants), taking place between 1959 and 2016 on the permanent study plot in the compartment 319 of the Strict Reserve in the Białowieża National Park are presented. Zaręba [1972] presented phytosociological research carried out in 1959 on the 1.2 ha plot. The author established 10 relevés (size between 100 and 400 m²), in which in total 91 different species...
Since several years already, a massive infestation of bark beetle has taken place in the Białowieża Forest, decimating a local Norway spruce population. In consequence, many open areas appeared, practically deprived of trees and other forest vegetation. The existence of such areas has a very negative impact on multiple values of the Białowieża Forest: natural, social, economical and landscape−aesthetic...
The Białowieża Forest (BF) is in many respects an exceptional object, of a great importance for nature protection and forest management, at the international scale. The BF plays also a key role from the point of view of regional development and welfare of local community. In the last period, a big threat for multiple values of the BF has arisen, as a result of enormous bark beetle infestation, which...
The long−term changes of vegetation cover at the level of woodland community taking place between 1959 and 2016 on the permanent study plot located in the compartment 319 of Białowieża National Park are discussed. In 1959 two distinctive woodland community types occurring on sample plot were distinguished: subboreal mixed pine−oak forest (Serratulo−Pinetum) and hornbeam−lime forest (Tilio−Carpinetum)...
The paper presents the main results of the comprehensive inventory of monumental trees in the Strict Reserve of the Białowieża National Park, which was conducted in years 2002−2017 on an area of ca. 4700 ha and included all live trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) exceeding a minimum threshold value ranging from 60 cm for hornbeam to 120 cm for oak. For every tree fulfilling this condition,...
Growth and mortality of oak (Quercus robur L.) in young mixed stands with various admixture of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in the period of 9−13 years after planting were examined. The trial stand is located in central Poland (51.827023° N, 19.922315° E). It was established in 2004 on a moderately fertile site. Four experimental variants with different participation of oak (O) and hornbeam (H)...
Białowieża Forest (BF) is widely known for its outstanding natural values. The debate about the management/protection model, able to maintain all relevant values of BF on a sustainable basis, has a very long history. Currently, the main role in this debate is played by groups and organizations claiming that the major threat for the biological richness of BF is related to local forest management. In...
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