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In summary, 2N wire is able to improve thermal aging performance of ultra fine pitch wire bonding to meet reliability requirement as stringent as for automotive application. However, to improve mass production friendliness, careful characterization and process optimization need to be done on several areas, namely bonding surface condition, wire bonding process, as well as wire manufacturing process.
Epitaxial crystal silicon films 2 to 10-microns thick on high-quality seed layers have the potential to approach wafer silicon photovoltaic efficiencies at thin-film area costs. Using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) from silane precursor gas, we have grown epitaxial layers up to 40-microns thick with defect densities of about 2 ?? 105 cm-2, corresponding to defects separated by more than...
Summary form only given. A university-scale Z-pinch generator is able to produce HED plasmas within a broad range of temperatures and densities depending on the type of load configurations and wire materials. Experiments with very different Z-pinch loads were performed on 1 MA Zebra generator at UNR and analyzed during the last five years: X-pinch, Cylindrical, Nested, and various types of Planar...
Summary form only given. Experiments with different Z-pinch loads were performed on 1.4 MA, 100 ns Zebra generator at UNR. The program emphasized investigation of plasma formation, implosion and radiation features as a function of the load configuration: compact multi-planar and cylindrical wire arrays. The multi-planar wire arrays (PWA) were studied in open and closed configuration with Al, stainless...
Summary form only given: The novel wire ablation dynamics model (WADM) has been recently developed and applied to simulate the implosion dynamics and to predict the implosion time of various wire array load configurations, including single- and multi-planar and nested cylindrical single material and combined material arrays. However, besides the accurate prediction of the implosion time the WADM provides...
Summary form only given. Radial wire arrays offer the potential for higher energy density of radiated x-rays compared to cylindrical arrays. Higher radiated energy density would allow for more compact hohlraums thus easing power requirements for ICF. In an effort to explore how radiated power scales with the rise-rate of the current we performed experiments on two 1 MA pulsed power generators with...
Summary form only given: The study of characteristics of hard x-rays and generation of electron beams is very important for high energy density physics (HEDP).The illustration of such a study is performed by using Z-pinch plasma. Specifically, we are studying implosions of different types wire array loads and materials that produce hard X-rays (HXRs) and e-beams. We analyze characteristics of HXR...
Summary form only given. Recently, radiative properties of implosions of new Z-pinch loads such as compact single and double planar wire arrays (PWA) and cylindrical wire arrays, uniform as well as combined from different wire materials were extensively studied. In particular, K-shell radiation of Al and Mg from implosions of compact single planar and cylindrical wire arrays and L-shell Mo radiation...
Summary form only given. EUV spectroscopy is a feasible tool for diagnosing of Z-pinch plasma before and after stagnation in complement to X-ray spectroscopy, which is conventionally used in studying of the stagnating hot dense plasmas. A collection of aluminum EUV spectra from implosions of traditional cylindrical wire arrays and new planar wire arrays (PWA) on the 1 MA Zebra generator at UNR are...
Summary form only given. Analysis of the results of tungsten single and double planar wire array (PWA) experiments performed on the UNR 1 MA generator "Zebra" is presented. Uniform as well as combined PWAs with Al wires arrays were investigated and compared. Previous spectroscopic work focused on analysis of time-integrated spatially resolved (TISR) stagnation phase data, while this presentation...
Summary form only given. A general overview of Mo planar wire array implosions (single, double, and triple) from the past three years on the 1 MA, 100 ns UNR Zebra generator is presented. Mo planar wire arrays on Zebra have radiated high peak powers and yields (up to 1 TW and 24 kJ) as well as produced high-temperature L-shell plasmas (up to 1.4 keV), indicating the importance in connection with inertial...
Summary form only given. The double-planar wire array (DPWA) is the most promising Z-pinch load studied on the Zebra generator for application to radiation physics and inertial confinement fusion studies. These loads radiate powers and energies up to ~1 TW and ~25 kJ, respectively, in a versatile pulse shape on the 1 MA Zebra generator. Recent studies show that radiation yields of this load scale...
Summary form only given. Previous experiments on the 1-MA "Zebra" generator at the University of Nevada, Reno studied L-shell Cu and Zn emissions from implosions of brass planar wire arrays. Essentially the results of that study shows how the temporal variation in electron temperature (Te = 320-450 eV) correlates with the X-ray burst during the stagnation stage. The purpose of the present...
Summary form only given. Plasma study at university level pulse power facilities as well as at the world's largest Z-pinch machines serves as one of the major drivers in the emerging topic of High Energy Density Physics. Plasmas created by 1 MA discharge at the university laboratories are very interesting and unique XUV and X-ray radiation sources that have extreme densities (nearing the solid state...
In this paper we present new approaches in the development of flip chip technology for mobile platforms. We assess the challenges presented by the use of flip chip interconnection as opposed to the traditional approach of wire bonding and present innovative solutions developed to address those challenges. In particular, we describe innovations in the area of routing-efficient interconnection, bumped...
Pilot wire differential protection is one of the most common methods for protecting short transmission lines. The conventional protection scheme has drawbacks, such as malfunction due to line disconnection and limited line length. A laboratory investigation of transmission line protection using Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) communication protocol for data sharing between the relays located at the two...
We present the design of quaternary quantum version of reversible circuits such as Toffoli gate, modified Fredkin gate, mux, demux, encoder-decoder using linear ion realizable quaternary Muthukrishnan-Stroud gates. Our realization of quaternary Toffoli gate is more efficient than the previous realization and other quaternary circuits are realized for the time in literature.
Summary form only given. Analysis is presented on scaling of radiated x-ray power, energy and implosion timing of single and double planar wire array loads of Al, Cu, Mo, and W with respect to mass, width, and inter-planar spacing at IMA and 100ns current pulse. Such scaling investigations are important for understanding the potential of planar wire arrays as a radiation source. These data are used...
Summary form only given. The planar wire arrays with multi-plane configuration (triple- TPWA and cross-plane-CPWA) were studied and compared with single and double-planar wire arrays (SPWA and DPW A) on the 1 MA, 100 ns Zebra generator at the University of Nevada, Reno. The uniform arrays were made of Al or Mo, and the combined made of both materials. The DPWA and TPWA consist of two and three wire...
Summary form only given. Wire array implosions with different current pulse rise times have been studied on the 1 MA COBRA facility at Cornell University. The flexibility of the COBRA generator allowed switching between the short (100 ns) and long (220 ns) current pulse rise time to study the implosion of nested wire array loads in these two regimes. The load design and optimization was performed...
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