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Coenzyme Q₁₀ may occur in the form of hydrogen peroxide-ubiquinone (CoQ₁₀), an intermediate semiquinone radical (CoQ₁₀H˙), and reduced ubiquinol (CoQ₁₀H₂). It is present mainly in the mitochondria of all cells, where it forms part of the respiratory chain (the primary element responsible for the energy metabolism of the cell). Acting as a conveyor of electrons in the respiratory chain, it is involved...
In horses, L-carnitine is synthesized mainly in the liver from methionine, lysine, vitamins C, B₃, B₆, and B₉ and from Fe²⁺. L-carnitine plays an important role in the transport of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are converted into energy needed for muscle contractions. It also contributes to the accumulation of glycogen in the muscles and prevents an excessive production...
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