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A kind of novel polyurethane/Na + -montmorillonite nanocomposites has been synthesised using modified 4,4'-di-phenymethylate diisocyanate (M-MDI), modified polyether polyol (MPP) and Na + -montmorillonite (layered clay). Here, MPP was used as a swelling agent to treat the layered clay. Experimental results indicated that with increasing the amount of layered clay, the strength and...
Surface molecular diffusion in a latex film has been investigated by atomic force microscopy. Deformation of the particles in the plane of the film of a real latex system did not change the centre-to-centre spacing, but the peak-to-valley distance y decreased upon annealing. The theoretical and also the experimental relationship between y and time t is given by the equation y(t)=y(0)exp(−t/τ) where...
In order to evaluate the application of modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (M-TDSC) to the study of the crystallisation kinetics of semi-crystalline polymers, isothermal crystallisation kinetics in poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends have been investigated. M-TDSC data were analysed according to the method suggested by Toda et al. [Toda A, Oda T, Hikosaka...
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is traditionally performed on bulk samples. However, studies of polymer blends would be enhanced if DMA could be applied on a local scale in order to enable a new form of microthermal analysis. Mounting a sample on a vibrating heating stage and observing the resulting amplitude and phase of the motion of an atomic force microscope cantilever allows the local elastic...
Three maleic anhydride-grafted-polypropylene (PP) derivatives [N, N-dihydroxyethyl monomaleic amide (C-2A), octodecyl monomaleate (C-3), and 2-(N, N-dihydroxyethylamino)ethyl monomaleate (C-4)] were prepared by melt grafting and utilized to compatibilize polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PP/PET) blends. The resulting blends were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, thermal...
The morphology of polyurethane (PU)–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEMA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were investigated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (M-TDSC) techniques. Based on the analysis method employed by Tan et al. [Polymer 1997;38:4571], the interfacial thickness in the IPNs was calculated from SAXS data...
The glass transition behaviour and morphology of 70:30 polyurethane–poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PU–PEMA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) in which the crosslink density in both networks was systematically varied were investigated by means of modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (M-TDSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The observed influence on the glass transition...
Molecular interactions in miscible polymer blends influence glass transition (Tg) behaviour and the increment of heat capacity at Tg. Whether the glass transition temperature and the increment of heat capacity versus composition show positive or negative deviations from linearity for blend systems depends on specific molecular interactions. In the non-interacting system, poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(methyl...
A thermal method with the potential to determine the weight fraction and the interfacial thickness in multiphase polymer materials is described. The extent of interdiffusion, and hence the development of an interface between two miscible polymers, polyepichlorohydrin and poly(vinyl acetate), with time at 100°C has been studied by means of modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. This...
A quantitative thermal method of determining the weight fraction of interface and the extent of phase separation in polymer materials is described. It is based on the differential of heat capacity signal from modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. By measurement of the increment of heat capacity at the glass transition temperature, the total interface content can be determined...
The differential of heat capacity signal, dC p /dT, from modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (M-T d.s.c.) was used to elucidate the miscibility and glass transition behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) blends. The conclusion reached was the same as that reported by Higgins and co-workers (Clark, J.N., Higgins, J.S., Kim, C.K. and...
The glass transition and the effect of specific interactions on this transition process in a binary polymer blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), which have very similar glass transition temperatures, have been investigated by means of modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The blends investigated were miscible blends of PMMA and SAN and a physical...
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