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MiRNAs have emerged as key regulators of skeletal muscle development, but the knowledge of miRNAs in the molecular network of muscle development remains poorly understood. In this study, we designed to examine the biological function of bovine-miR-101-1. The bovine miR-101-1 was detected in the skeletal muscle of fetal, calf and adult cattle. Its abundance was significantly higher in the skeletal...
Melanoma is a cancer that arises from melanocytes, specialized pigmented cells that are found predominantly in the skin. The incidence of malignant melanoma has significantly increased over the last decade. With the development of therapy, the survival rate of some kind of cancer has been improved greatly. But the treatment of melanoma remains unsatisfactory. Much of melanoma's resistance to traditional...
Compared to healthy controls, microRNA-29c (miR-29c) is highly expressed in the heart during progression towards ventricular septal defect. However, studies on miR-29c function in heart development are scarce. We investigated the role of miR-29c in P19 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation and the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated proliferation and cell cycle progression, detected morphological...
Two distinct myoglobin (mb) transcripts have been reported in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, which is a hypoxia-tolerant fish living in habitats with greatly fluctuant dissolved oxygen levels. Recombinant protein analysis has shown functional specialization of the two mb transcripts. In this work, analysis for mb-containing bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones indicated different genome loci...
Recent findings indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulatory network of adipogenesis and obesity. Thus far, only a few human miRNAs are known to function as adipogenic regulators, fanning interest in studies on the functional role of miRNAs during adipogenesis in humans. In a previous study, we used a microarray to assess miRNA expression during human preadipocyte differentiation...
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells with the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation are promising sources for generation of pancreatic islet cells for cell replacement therapy in diabetes. Here we induced hES cells into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in a stepwise process which recapitulated islet organogenesis by directing cells through the stages resembling definitive endoderm, gut-tube...
Bone mass is controlled through a delicate balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. We show here that RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is critical for proper control of bone mass. Postnatal conditional knockout of Adar1 (the gene encoding ADAR1) resulted in a severe osteopenic phenotype. Ablation of the Adar1 gene significantly...
N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (ndrg1) is up-regulated in N-Myc knockout mouse embryos. The human NDRG family consists of 4 highly homologous members and human Ndrg1 exhibits approximately 94% homology with mouse ndrg1. However, the regulatory mechanism of NDRG1 via Myc repression is as yet unknown. We previously identified human NDRG2 and demonstrated that this gene is transcriptionally down-regulated...
The Ets transcription factor, ESX, exhibits a unique pattern of epithelial-restricted expression and transactivates genes involved in epithelial differentiation and cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying genetic basis for epithelial-specific expression of ESX. We have identified a 30bp ESX enhancer sequence (EES) approximately 3 kb upstream of the proximal promoter. This region...
Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) give rise to adipocytes in response to a medium containing dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin. A cDNA microarray was applied to analyze the gene expression profiles between the cells at day 0 and at day 3 of incubation in the adipogenic medium, when the cells began to express PPARγ2, a transcription factor of adipogenesis. Several...
Skeletal muscle differentiation has been shown to be dependent on the expression of Rb and p300. We recently cloned a novel inhibitor of muscle differentiation called EID-1, which interacted with both of these factors. In a database search for related molecules, we have cloned and characterized a new EID-1 family member, EID-2. This 28-kDa protein encodes a 236-amino-acid protein with significant...
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