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In the mid-infrared (3–20 μm), our universe is dominated by broad spectral features. These features are though to be due to large carbonaceous molecules called Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the 10 to 15 μm range, several of these bands show variations in shape and intensity depending on the astronomical environments where they are seen. The exact origin of these variations is not explained...
The CSIRO, Bureau of Meteorology, University of Tasmania, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC operate the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) facility with funding from the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)- a set of moorings designed to quantify physical, chemical, and biological processes important to the transfer of heat,...
Clinical translation of scientific discoveries is often the long-term goal of academic medical research. However, this goal is not always realized due to the complicated path between bench research and clinical use. In this review, we outline the fundamental steps required for first-in-human testing of a new imaging device, and use the FLAREtrade (Fluorescence-Assisted Resection and Exploration) near-infrared...
Naturally occurring and injected dust particles are observed in the DIII-D tokamak in the outer midplane scrape-off-layer (SOL) using a fast-framing visible camera. Sources of naturally occurring dust include material eroded from plasma facing components by transient events such as edge- localized-modes (ELMs) or disruptions. Dust particles ablate when they enter a hot region of plasma near the separatrix,...
Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) are strong radar returns from the cold summer mesopause region, at altitudes ~ 80-95 km at high latitudes. The probing radar frequency can range from about 50 MHz to over 1 GHz. The prevailing theory to explain PMSE involves both neutral air turbulence and the presence of charged dust (probably ice) which slows down electron diffusion. This turbulence scattering...
Summary form only given. Recently there has been interest in the properties of dusty negative ion plasmas, including dust charging and collective behavior. Electronegative dusty plasmas are of interest from the perspective of both basic physics and applications. Because the addition of negative ions to a dusty plasma can change the dust charge state, and add new sources of free energy such as ion...
Summary form only given. Dust is commonly found in current magnetic fusion devices. In reactors like ITER dust can pose safety hazards and impact plasma performance. However, the properties, generation rate, dynamics, and role of dust in fusion plasmas are still not well understood. In this work we simulate dynamics of dust particles in tokamaks with the dust transport, DUSTT, code and analyze the...
This paper presents the financial transmission rights (FTRs) or congestion revenue rights (CRRs) allow participants to bid in an auction to acquire rights to future day-ahead congestion revenues, defined as the difference in day-ahead congestion components between two pricing points on the system. FTRs/CRRs (FTRs, for short) are intended to provide market participants with a financial instrument to...
We present a mobile public transportation guide application called KAMO, which offers journey planning and stop-specific timetable information for public transportation passengers. Passengers can also pay for their fare using the application; travel news concerning current problems or changes to the public transport are also available via the KAMO application. We describe the KAMO service architecture,...
Summary form only given. Dust in fusion devices has been identified as having a potentially large impact on tokamak performance and operation safety. In this work transport of carbon dust particles in fusion devices is studied using the DUST transport (DUSTT) code. The code simulates 3D trajectories of dust particles in realistic geometry and plasma conditions of tokamaks taking into account dust...
Summary form only given. We explore the charging of a dust particle immersed in a plasma in the presence of a magnetic field. The dust particle charges due to the flowing electrons and ions within the plasma. A simple case with no magnetic field is compared with basic OML theory as a basis for comparison. The simulations are then run with varying magnitudes of magnetic field to study the effects of...
Summary form only given. Dusty or complex plasmas are plasmas containing micron-sized charged solid particulates (dust grains). Highly charged dust confined in low temperature laboratory plasmas can form two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-2D crystalline or liquid-like structures because of their mutual Coulomb repulsion. Because the structures can be easily visualized by light scattering, such strongly...
Summary form only given. Dusty plasmas are ionized gases containing massive charged dust grains. The presence of charged dust in a plasma can affect the behavior of waves and instabilities and also the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves with the plasma. We discuss some recent theoretical work in these areas. Instabilities may play important roles in various applications in both laboratory and...
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