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The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is a component of an endogenous analgesic system consisting of an ascending pathway from the spinal cord to VLO via the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) and a descending pathway relaying in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). This study examines whether the activation of 5-HT 1A receptors in VLO produces antinociception and whether GABAergic modulation...
Previous studies have shown that microinjection of morphine into the nucleus submedius (Sm) of the thalamus produces antinociception. The aim of the current study was to examine whether γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic terminals in the Sm were involved in this antinociception. Under light anesthesia, the GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline or agonist muscimol was microinjected into the Sm...
Previous studies have indicated that thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) is involved in nociceptive modulation and plays an important role in an endogenous analgesic system (a feedback loop) consisting of spinal cord (Sc)–Sm-ventrolateral orbital cortex–periaqueductal gray–Sc. However, the function of different types of Sm neurons in nociceptive modulation is unclear. For this reason, on the basis of...
The present study found in lightly anesthetized rats that the radiant heat-evoked tail flick (TF) reflex was markedly inhibited by a unilateral electrical stimulation (a 20 ms train of 0.2 ms, 100 Hz, 30–100 μA pulses) of the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO), with the tail flick latency (TFL) being increased. The mean threshold of VLO stimulation for producing inhibition of the TF reflex was 39...
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