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Clinical studies have shown that neuromodulation therapies, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), reduce symptoms of chronic neuropathic and visceral pain. The neural mechanisms underlying SCS and TENS therapy are poorly understood. The present study was designed to compare the effects of SCS and TENS on spinal neuronal responses to noxious stimuli...
The aim of this study was to characterize thoracic spinal neurons receiving convergent inputs from the esophagus, heart and somatic receptive fields. Extracellular potentials of single T 3 -T 4 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized male rats. Thoracic and cervical esophageal distensions (TED, CED) were produced by water inflation of a latex balloon. A catheter...
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