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Biomass pretreatment is still a major challenge for improving bioethanol production. The performance of two alkaline-mechanical pretreatments, alkaline twin-screw extrusion (ATSE) pretreatment where both alkaline treatment and refining occur simultaneously and alkaline pretreatment followed by PFI refining (APR), was compared in pretreating corn stover for fermentable sugar production at the same...
Molten salt gasification provides a promising way for the combined usage of solar energy and coal, during which molten salts act as a heat storage and transfer medium. However, the interactions between coal ash components and molten salts might have undesired effects on the molten salt gasification. The present study investigated the distribution of mineral matters in typical Zhundong coals and the...
CaO is a traditional desulfurizer used in coal combustion, and it is also a widely applied chemical conditioner in sewage sludge dewatering. In this study, the feasibility of co-combustion of CaO-conditioned sludge (Sc-CaO) and coal was discussed, including combustion characteristics and gas pollutants emission. The results show that adding 30% Sc-CaO into co-combustion strengthened the procedure...
The gas (mainly NO and SO2) emission and ash characteristics from combustion of high ash content antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) rich in N and S were investigated using a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustor, and the effects of addition of water vapor studied at the same time. The tested combustion temperature, excess air ratio (α) and mass ratios of water vapor-to-fuel (WV/F) varied in 750–950°C,...
In order to control the emissions of NOx precursors during sewage sludge pyrolysis, we proposed a novel integrated pretreatment method based on Fenton peroxidation and CaO conditioning. Nitrogen transformation was investigated using a self-designed drop-tube/fixed-bed furnace, and the mechanism of influence of residual conditioners was further clarified by employing model compounds. According to the...
Kaolin is one of the most widely used additives to alleviate fouling and slagging problems, which often occurred on the boilers burning coal with high sodium content. In order to improve the adsorption capacity in this condition, the intercalation-exfoliation method in material field was applied to modify kaolin. Six representative intercalation agents were selected to prepare samples, including hydrazine,...
Oxidic unsupported Ni–Mo–W catalysts were prepared from a precipitate by high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. The catalysts were sulfided in-situ by CS2 and H2 under different sulfiding conditions. The catalytic activity and selectivity were studied in the model reactions of naphthalene hydrogenation (HYD), quinoline hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), and dibenzothiophene (DBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS)...
Iron- and calcium-based compounds play an important role in the devolatilization stage of solid fuels thermal disposal. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) and conditioner CaO on product distribution and sulfur transformation in this process. Four samples were pyrolyzed by using a special drop-tube/fixed-bed furnace at 873–1273K with a high heating...
Binary NiMo, CoMo, NiW, and CoW transition-metal oxide catalyst precursors, were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction, and highly-loaded hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts were prepared by mixing the precursors with an alumina gel, calcination and sulfidation. The transition-metal oxide catalyst precursors and highly-loaded sulfide catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption,...
The present study examines the influence of water vapor in combustion atmosphere on NOx emission from oxygen-enriched combustion of air-dried distilled spirit lees and its char in a laboratory fluidized bed of 760mm high and 68mm in inner diameter. Steam was added into the fluidizing gas to vary the vapor content in the combustion atmosphere. At a combustion temperature of 950°C and a steam-to-fuel...
Product distributions and sulfur transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis are essential to subsequent thermal disposal process, both of which are strongly affected by calcium-based compounds. Considering that lime (CaO) is widely applied in sludge conditioning pre-treatment, this study investigated the dual role of conditioner CaO in sludge pyrolysis behavior and sulfur evolution at the temperature...
A series of nickel–copper–molybdenum catalyst precursors was synthesized through chemical precipitation method, and highly loaded catalysts were prepared by mixing the precursors with alumina sol. The nickel–copper–molybdenum catalysts were tested in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of the model compound 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel. The catalysts...
Porous ammonium nickel molybdate, a potential precursor for deep hydrodesulfurization catalyst with the formula of (NH4)HNi2(OH)2(MoO4)2, was synthesized by a high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis method. The unsupported NiMoS catalysts with various Ni/Mo ratios were prepared from the precursors. The precursors and catalysts were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, powder XRD, TG–DSC–MS, HRTEM,...
This paper describes the effect of fuel sulfur levels on vehicle emissions. The project was undertaken to provide a basis for lowering sulfur levels in fuel in order to establish necessary vehicle emission standards. A matrix was developed to describe the relationship between fuel sulfur levels and vehicle emissions based on vehicle testing data in China and the literature research. The matrix was...
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