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The paper highlights the main drivers for the Western Link HVDC project from the Transmission Owners' point of view, the main project milestones, the challenges as well as the proposed technical solution. On the technical side the focus is on the key operating and design parameters of the HVDC system. The HVDC converters will apply classic line commutated converter technology requiring harmonic filtering...
Early proposals for multi-terminal HVDC interconnections have been predominantly radial type connections, that is, between any two nodes there is only one branch. However, plans for ‘HVDC Grids’ in the not too distant future are, or include, meshed sections where there are parallel branches between nodes in the HVDC Grid. In such meshed HVDC Grid the DC current will inherently flow from one node to...
The South West scheme is an important part of the development of the Swedish national grid and is a key facility to enable the production of renewable energy, in accordance with Swedish and EU energy policy. It will reinforce the AC network, increase operational reliability, and deal with transmission limitations in southern Sweden and between Sweden and Norway. The paper describes the first phase...
The turbo-generator units in the vicinity of HVDC transmission system are vulnerable to Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interactions (SSTI). Based on the AC-DC system decoupling transfer function structure of Generator rotation rate to the electric torque, a novel phase correction method of HVDC supplementary subsynchronous multiple models damping controller is proposed, and a SSDC software for adjusting...
Z-Source inverters have been proposed as an alternative power conversion concept as they have both voltage buck and boost capabilities. These inverters use a unique impedance network to couple the converter main circuit to the power source, to provide both the voltage buck and boost properties which cannot be achieved with conventional voltage-source and current-source inverters. To understand the...
This paper presents a methodology to study the impact of different DC voltage droop settings on the AC system stability. When several Voltage Source Converters (VSC) in a DC system jointly control the DC voltage by means of droop control, an outage of one converter results in an abrupt change of the active power set-points of several other converters. This relative power change is related to the relative...
A hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system, in which Voltage Sourced Converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) and line-commutated converter based HVDC (LCC-HVDC) interconnected by transmission tie line, is investigated. The “Apparent Increase in Short Circuit Ratio” or AISCR index is employed to quantify the impact of VSC converters on LCC converters. Then, steady state and transient aspects, such as the maximum available...
This paper presents a new recharging strategy for the DC link capacitors of the H-bridge modular multilevel converter (HB-M2C) following DC side faults. The recharging strategy investigated in this paper focuses on the charging algorithm that ensures controlled charging of the DC link capacitors, while ensuring that voltage across the H-bridge cell capacitors remain balanced, and within switching...
In a multi-infeed (MI) HVDC system with inverter and rectifier infeeds, the interaction between the inverter and the rectifier influences the inverter's steady-state and transient characteristics. In this paper, the electromagnetic transient (EMT) model of such a multi-infeed system is used to investigate this influence. The simulation results show that a nearby rectifier will help the inverter by...
Series reactors are used in distribution grids to reduce the short-circuit fault level. Some of the disadvantages of the application of these devices are the voltage drop produced across the reactor and the steep front rise of the transient recovery voltage (TRV), which generally exceeds the rating of the associated circuit breaker. Simulations were performed to compare the characteristics of a saturated...
After the analysis of the characteristics of the direct driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) and VSC-HVDC, the paper proposed a circuit topology based on the series multi-terminal VSC-HVDC for offshore wind farm integration. The topology simplifies the D-PMSG structure by eliminating the inverter side of full power converter for the D-PMSG, and cascades rectifiers...
The Manitoba Hydro major transmission system features a topology consisting of very high HVdc penetration level, tightly coupled rectifiers as well as tightly coupled inverters. The tight coupling at the rectifiers or the sending end results in multi-egress system characteristics, where as the tight coupling at the inverters or the receiving end results in its multi-infeed characteristics. This paper...
Real-time simulation of a three-terminal high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grid connected to a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farm has been presented in this paper. A recently invented control strategy, known as power-synchronization control, is applied for the integration of the wind farm to the HVDC grid. The dynamic performance study of the system under normal wind power fluctuations...
The article introduces a hierarchical control structure for Multiterminal High Voltage Direct Current (M-HVDC) systems. The presented hierarchy is similar to the control structure of the classical AC systems divided in primary, secondary and tertiary control. The design and interaction between the secondary, or power control, and the primary controllers, or voltage control, are discussed. Furthermore,...
The paper investigates power transmission limitations in a VSC-HVDC system imposed by the ac system's impedance characteristics. An important observation from the study is that the operation of the converter is affected, not only by the magnitude of this impedance (quantified by the Short Circuit Ratio or SCR), but also significantly by its angle. An interesting result is that the larger the resistive...
The increased usage of the phase shifting transformers in various fields within power systems has introduced new challenges in performing on-site maintenance testing. These special transformers were used as converter transformers, rectifier transformers, harmonic mitigating transformers, zigzag transformers and quadrature boosters with unconventional vector groups, having an additional phase shift...
This paper illustrates how dedicated droop controls may take advantage of an offshore DC grid topology to implement different power flow policies, without any communication or master control. The issue of DC grid extension is also tackled with a special emphasis on wind spillage: a process to synthesize spatially correlated winds is described and used to assess the value for different extensions and...
New version of IEC 60143 “Series capacitors for power systems — Part 2: Protective equipment for series capacitor banks” [1] will be published shortly. It determines type tests for series capacitor bank spark gap. Test requirements are more specific and demanding than in previous version of the standard. Similar tests are carried out for Jacques-Cartier series capacitor bank spark gap system according...
The purpose of this paper is to present the design approach of a robust damping controller of thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) for systems with multiple operating points. The design objective is to find a common output feedback controller for TCSC which could increase system damping of power system oscillations under different system operating points. The robust damping control problem...
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