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This paper is an investigation about an Electromagnetic Compatibility test called Radiated Immunity. The goal of such test is to check if a device under test, e.g. electronic equipment, is sufficiently immune to electromagnetic noise coming from both intentional and non-intentional sources. Depending on the interference source, the field waveform might be complex, given the modern modulation and multiple...
This paper presents a hybrid approach to the investigation of the performance of printed circuit boards (PCB) by examining the impact of parasitic parameters of the board design on the efficiency of a device. First, parasitic parameters are extracted from the board layout by 3D quasistatic field solvers. Second, the corresponding equivalent circuit is constructed. Third, the extracted parasitic circuits...
Today, instruments can exploit Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing to measure electromagnetic interferences (EMIs). The advantages of such an approach are undisputed. EMI receivers benefit from the extremely short measurement time, compared to that obtained with traditional (super-) heterodyne technology, and of the complete digitalisation of the signal processing. However, not all processing...
This communication introduces the principle of a measurement method to perform a Radar Cross-Section estimation within a reverberation chamber. A single transmitting and receiving antenna is directed toward a target placed on a rotating mast that enables to characterize it over its azimuthal angle. From a theoretical point of view, we investigate the process of retrieving the backscattered field produced...
In this work we present a promising methodology in order to diminish unwanted reflections at star points. The latter are widely used in modern automotive bus systems. Particularly, it is shown that signal integrity can be increased significantly by the inclusion of some conventional passive components. Further, simple rules for an adequate design as well as selection of these components are derived...
The In-flight Lightning Damage Assessment System ILDAS has been presented in EMC Europe in 2012. ILDAS can determine the lightning current distribution on an aircraft with high resolution in time and amplitude. Later the system was extended and included two x-ray detectors to measure the high-energy radiation that is generated in thunderstorms and by lightning proper. It has been flown for many times...
In this study a generic aircraft structure is numerically investigated to gain insight whether a HIRF excitation is equivalent to a DCI excitation. The investigation is based on Characteristic Mode Analysis where the different types of excitation are seen as equivalent if they are capable of exciting the same characteristic modes of a given structure. As main result it is observed that HIRF excitations...
This paper presents a robust CMOS Miller operational amplifier (OpAmp) that has high immunity to electro-magnetic interference (EMI). The proposed robust CMOS Miller operational amplifier uses the modified replica Miller OpAmp concept with the source-buffered Miller OpAmp with source degeneration resistance in order to achieve high EMI immunity across a wide range of frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz)...
The equivalent circuits modeling method is developed for the EMP(Electromagnetic pulse) generators of the equipment-level immunity test. On the double-exponential function of EMP waveform, the corresponding circuit structure is introduced, and the calculation method is given to obtain the circuit RLC parameters. For the generators of EFT(Electrical Fast Transient/Burst), surge combination wave, and...
This paper proposes a new structure of the near magnetic field probe. In the case of detecting noise current on printed circuit boards (PCB) using conventional loop type probe, it is necessary to rotate directions of the probe because the probe has no sensitivity to the current perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Therefore, the new type probe with less directional dependence is required to reduce...
The lack of equipment available on the market which is certified for maritime, or even naval, environments, i.e. in accordance with IEC 60533 [1], makes it hard for shipbuilders to deliver (naval) ships that comply with maritime ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) regulation. Following the conventional rule-based approach, i.e. implementing standards, results in a deadlock or very costly dedicated...
Cable ferrites are noise suppression components acting as a common-mode filter. In former work a new characterization method for cable ferrites, using a TEM waveguide, was described. It provides a new set of more representative ferrite parameters. From these parameters, the impedance of the currently widely used wire-loop setup measurement can be derived as well as for other terminations of the wire...
Two tapered structures for frequency-domain characterization of a wide-terminal 50-mΩ current-sense resistor are designed and presented. The structures are designed to achieve a uniform current distribution through the analyzed resistor. The designed structures are optimized in EM solver to achieve a 50-Ω characteristic impedance. The lumped-element model of the analyzed resistor is extracted. The...
Reverberating chambers (RC) are of interest in several applications including the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). In this paper, an alternative representation of the three-dimensional state of the electromagnetic field in RC, is developed. The proposed technique can be useful in several applications in which a complete depolarization of the electromagnetic field is due. A meaningful set of experiments...
In this paper, we model the inductive current clamp (ICC) method described in the ISO 7637-3 standard, where we apply a broadband transient signal as disturbance. To validate the advocated model, a nonlinear device under test (DUT) is simulated, manufactured and measured under the ISO 7637-3 standard test conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed model can be used to study the DUT's immunity.
In this paper a new method for estimating shielding effectiveness (SE) of an enclosure with an arbitrary shape aperture is proposed. In this method, two horizontal and vertical microstriplines (MSLs) are utilized to determine the aperture impedance in two orientations. A network of ports is placed on both ends of these MSLs. An analytic formulation which includes S-parameters of these networks of...
A based-on-measurement approach to extract the SPICE model of MOSFETs accurately is presented in this paper. The main idea of this approach is to adjust the MOSFET waveforms obtained from simulation to those from measurement by modifying the component's internal parameters. Thanks to a parametric study which identifies the influence level of each MOSFET parameter on each zone of the MOSFET waveforms,...
For the system electromagnetic susceptibility or risk assessment, the electromagnetic norms of the field-line coupling currents are taken as the stresses on the electric interfaces. In order to obtain the statistical property of stresses, the factors in field-line coupling model is treated as the random variables. However, if every parameter were sampled, the computation will be heavily burdened and...
An estimation method of the induced current of a transmission line under the bulk current injection (BCI) test is presented. In this method, the influence of the current injected by the BCI probe is expressed using the equivalent voltage and current sources. By modelling the transmission line loaded with the BCI probe as a 3-port network, an absolute value of the induced current of transmission line...
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