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2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC)
The paper presents the design and measurements for very high frequency, low power, inductive DC-DC converters (100 MHz, 3.3V input voltage, 350mW output power). A 3-stage cascode power stage in 40nm CMOS technology is demonstrated at high switching frequency but satisfying efficiency. Particularly it is shown that 2.5D heterogeneous integration brings significant benefits to cut losses thanks to a...
The maximum transmissible electrical power concept is applied to different electrical railway systems. Different problems arise depending on whether the electrical system is using DC or AC system. A DC example illustrates how the power line loadability can be assessed. Afterwards, the definition is extended to AC system to take into account the effect of the reactive power. Finally, an AC use case...
This paper deals with rare-earth-free permanent magnet traction machine design for C-segment electric vehicle (EV). Four different ferrite permanent magnet synchronous machine topologies having different magnets arrangement and pole-pair number, selected for their high potential, are presented and compared thanks to a computationally efficient finite-element based analysis tool that was developed...
This paper focuses on the methodology to apply the Dynamic Programming (DP) to the optimal operation control of trains with onboard Lithium-ion batteries in order to accumulate knowledge of energy-efficient driving technique. In this methodology, the energy-efficient driving control is formulated as an optimal control problem with two-point boundary conditions. We propose the model to consider the...
This paper presents an evaluation of the performance improvements of using hybrid IGBT modules; Silicon (Si) IGBT and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Diode, in an 225kW dc-dc converter for an electrical storage based light rail vehicle (tramway). First an experimental characterization of the conventional and hybrid IGBT modules is carried out. Second, based in this characterization, the power loss reduction...
A novel GaN on Si device is presented and tested in an “application like” circuit. The device is a Bi-Directional Normally-Off Switch aimed at AC mains powered applications, it uses a single reference electrode for gating direct and reverse conduction modes. Demonstration of the current collapse free operation of the device under 264V, 3A, 1MHz is presented.
This literature review presents a summary of recent research about PM-less machines for electrical vehicles. Recently, IPM machines has proven to be very popular among electrical vehicle manufacturers. However, the neodymium permanent magnets being used are expensive and have a risk of rocketing the production cost of a machine if the price increases more. With this in mind, five PM-less machine topologies...
In order to democratize electric vehicles, automakers have to give a solution to reduce the total cost of ownership and bring it better than thermal vehicles one. This paper presents results of works on costs improvement of a 3.5t light-duty commercial electric vehicle. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) were separated into investment costs and operating costs. The batteries of an electric vehicle were...
In comparison to conventional propulsion systems, electrified powertrains provide dissimilar acceleration characteristics. Consequentially, the perception of longitudinal dynamics of an electrified vehicle is appreciably different. Existing evaluation measurands, such as acceleration time or top speed, cannot assess this dynamic potential in a perspective relevant for the user. This paper proposes...
While the amount of e/e-components in vehicles increases significantly, the system structure stays the same. Therefore both, the system complexity and its design effort increase. In this study we conduct guided interviews with experts of German OES, OEM and research institutes to find significant trends as well as corresponding stake-holder issues concerning the automotive e/e-architecture. The result...
This paper presents energy and power evaluations on propulsion and generation systems related to a research vessel, named G. DALLAPORTA. This vessel is used by the National Research Council of Italy for oceanographic campaigns, which are generally carried out in the Mediterranean Sea. The analysis is based on measurements of the main electrical and mechanical parameters, related to on board propulsion,...
This paper presents two optimal energy management strategies for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The goal for both strategies is to try to minimize fuel consumption while maintaining the state of charge (SOC) of the battery within prescribed limits, as well as to minimize the battery capacity loss and extend its life. The first strategy,...
This paper deals with a compensation technique for non-linear behaviour of single phase modular multi-level power converter, feeding electric vehicle fast charging station with split integrated energy storage system. The proposed method calculates the voltage compensation on the basis of the error between the reference and the real currents. It allows highly improving the harmonic content of the grid...
The adoption of the smart and sustainable charging infrastructures for electric vehicles (EVs) represents a key-point to accelerate the electro-mobility uptake. This paper presents an optimal power flow management for a smart charging micro-grid that minimizes the cost and reduces the impact on the grid of EVs requests. This goal is achieved by means of an optimal integration and control of renewable...
In the last years, Electric Vehicles (EV) have had a growing popularity but their diffusion has not been wide due to several problems: high cost of batteries, limited energy autonomy, long charging times. An Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system could be a possible solution to these issues. In this paper different aspects in terms of designing and modelling of IPT for the charging of moving EV are...
This paper proposes a method to calculate the THD% value of the line-to-line voltage waveform at the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) in a shipboard system using an interconnection between Simulink and a power simulator, ETAP. Nowadays, electrical shipboard systems are more and more characterized by AFE (Active Front End) drives that allow more flexibility in the power drive but they can affect the...
The paper presents an aviation fault-tolerant generation system which is based on the Fault-tolerant Permanent Magnet Motor. Constant power output, wide range of speed, high power density and high reliability are required in this system. A new method for flux weakening control is proposed, which is used to elaborate analytical expressions for the demagnetizing current in d-axis of the permanent magnet...
This paper presents the design and optimization of power inductors for three-phase high-power-density inverters to be used in aircraft applications. The inductor's geometric parameters, magnetic properties, core material selection, core and copper losses in addition to temperature calculations are taken into account to meet the low losses and high frequency specifications of the considered high power...
The high voltage DC (HVDC) parallel electric power system (EPS) is one of the most promising structures for the More Electric Air-craft (MEA), providing higher performance with less weight and less energy loss. The structure of a typical HVDC parallel EPS is illustrated in this paper. The method to share the load current among the generators in EPS is the key to optimize the performance. An “average...
Innovation in railway industry points the focus on the production of lightweight vehicles, with high performance, in order to save the energy power and to satisfy the environmental and safety requests. To pursue this aim, innovative materials have been increasingly used for vehicle components and structures. In this paper, the structural behavior of the shock absorber mountings (SAMs) of a novel metro...
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