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Provides an abstract for each of the keynote presentations and a brief professional biography of each presenter. The complete presentations were not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Overview, comparison and evaluation of common DC micro grid design considerations. The focus of this paper is to explore the main differences and advantages/disadvantages of various topologies and control strategies for DC micro grids. The requirements of various application areas can strongly influence the individual system design. Control strategies, single- or two-phase designs, earthing concepts,...
Communication between power converters is vital for high performance DC micro-grids controls. However, for residential DC micro-grid applications, using external communication link would increase the system cost, and reduce the system flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a novel method to enable the conventional DC/DC converters to transmit data via the common DC Bus. With this technology,...
This paper presents a power management concept for DC microgrids where the DC bus voltage is used as the mean of communications between the microgrid components. It is proposed that the energy storage system always controls the DC bus voltage independently of the microgrid mode of operation and sets its value based on power and energy management rules to activate responses from the other components...
This paper presents a linear programming based solution for an Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) problem (OPP) under contingency situations. With the increasing usage of synchrophasors or PMUs for smart grid monitoring and control, the problem of PMU placement has become a major concern due to high installation costs. This paper uses a Linear Programming (ILP) approach to find optimal...
Increasing penetration of PV sources in LV grids is introducing new challenges to the quality of voltage. Variability of solar radiation can cause power ramps of up to the nominal power of the plant in one second, which directly induces voltage fluctuations on distribution feeders. To mitigate this impact on power quality, we investigate the introduction of dc micro-grids interfaced to the ac grid...
Microgrids are low voltage electric distribution grids with modular distributed energy sources and controllable loads. The DC microgrids avoid DC to AC and AC to DC conversion and minimize transmission and distribution losses. Dynamic energy management systems enhance utilization of renewable energy sources and ensure uninterrupted supply of power to critical loads. Like the traditional transmission...
A distributed control method is proposed to handle load sharing among dc microgrids. While microgrids manage the internal load sharing, a higher level controller is required to provide load sharing among microgrids within a cluster. Power transfer between microgrids enables maximum utilization of resources and suppresses stress and aging of the components, which improves the reliability and availability,...
Alternating Current (AC) is the most common form of power available within buildings. This has historical reasons rooted in large-scale utility generation and distribution of power. With the rapid emergence of local renewables (notably solar) in buildings, the availability of Direct Current (DC) power is becoming more prevalent. In this position paper, we argue that managed power distribution of DC...
DC microgrid consists of cascaded power converters in which the constant power load behaviour of point-of-load converters poses challenging stability issues even if individual converters are stable. In this paper, a robust sliding mode controller has been proposed for DC/DC bidirectional buck-boost converter interfacing storage unit in an islanded DC microgrid environment. The controller is designed...
Many security technologies for microgrids have been proposed in the literature, which must be rigorously tested in a realistic power platform before being transitioned to the energy sector. To address this need, a 13.8-kV microgrid security test bed is introduced in this paper towards the objective of securing dc and hybrid microgrids. Different from existing test beds that are based on simulated...
This paper presents a novel unidirectional DC/DC converter that can be used to transfer power from distributed resources such as Solar PV or Fuel Cells into a DC microgrid. The converter is based on the LLC topology but designed to operate in a specific region of the gain curve that provides several benefits to integration of renewable energy sources into a constant DC bus. The isolated converter...
Important criteria for the widespread usage of DC electricity are the overall energy efficiency and cost of delivering electricity from the point of generation to the point of usage. Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power switching devices, including those made from Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductors, offer unprecedented advantages over conventional silicon devices in terms...
In this paper, we provide new reliability data on commercially available enhancement mode GaN transistors under a wide variety of stress conditions. The first section reports data on long-term, large sample size qualification testing under high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) and high temperature gate bias (HTGB). Environmental reliability data is also shown, including temperature cycling and humidity...
This paper presents a centralized strategy for equalizing the state of charge of distributed energy storage systems in an islanded DC microgrid. The proposed strategy is based on a simple algorithm called equalization algorithm, which modifies the charge or discharge rate by weighting the virtual resistor of local droop control loops at each distributed energy storage system. The proposed strategy,...
This paper applies a hierarchical control for a fast charging station (FCS) composed of paralleled PWM rectifier and dedicated paralleled multiple flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs), in order to mitigate peak power shock on grid caused by sudden connection of electrical vehicle (EV) chargers. Distributed DC-bus signaling (DBS) and method resistive virtual impedance are employed in the power coordination...
The challenge of meeting the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards of 2025 is leading to major developments in the transportation sector, not the least of which is the utilization of clean energy sources. Solar energy as a main source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated. This paper reports on the usage of solar energy for transportation and investigates the extended driving...
Solar energy is experiencing significant growth that is expected to continue. The forecast is that solar will make up 25% of all new distributed generation capacity growth through 2023. As solar installations continue to increase, UL will have an opportunity to partner with other industry stakeholders to develop new standards and codes that will be instrumental in developing new technologies. We believe...
This paper presents a multicell Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) converter that can increase the reliability of the power supply in a dc microgrid. The main feature of the proposed interconnection scheme is that it can supply power to a load even if one of its converters is taken out of operation or fail. This is accomplished because each cell is composed by a number of DAB converters interconnected in parallel...
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