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The offshore node will be a key component of a future European Supergrid. The offshore AC hub (or SuperNode) is presented as one possible topology of an offshore node. Tranche A is an area within Dogger Bank, which is one of the UK's largest offshore wind development zones. It is a likely location of an offshore AC hub and therefore is used as a case study. Two strategies are presented for control...
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and BluBerry, LLC have worked to extend the useful operating temperature range of low-cost, bulk CMOS instrumentation and actuation ICs to greater than 200°C. In this manuscript, we review the motivation, challenges, and circuit techniques employed to operate bulk CMOS circuits at extended temperatures. Initial research at CWRU yielded monolithic...
Off gas from Li-ion batteries is becoming a growing concern because the volatile organics emitted are flammable and their unpredictable release represents a safety risk. Recent safety incidents involving Li-based battery chemistries have occurred across automotive, marine, electric grid, and aviation sectors and indicate a need to understand battery failure and the implications for control of the...
About 30 percent of all overhead power distribution outages are caused by failing electrical equipment. Arc and partial-arc sources predict an eventual outage. Replacing failing equipment reduces all reliability index figures. The novel sensing device discussed accurately determines the Global Positioning System (GPS) location of an arc source from moving vehicles. It can be called an outage-avoidance...
Distributed generation (DG) has emerged as a key issue for the sustainable development in near future. In the literature, many researchers were introducing about DG placement considering various criteria. These DGs can be of conventional and renewable energy sources (RESs). Under these circumstances, if only wind energy based DG would be placed at the appropriate locations in the particular region...
Gerard O'Neill's outstanding satellite solar array concepts are updated from geostationary systems to include sun synchronous low earth orbits and Brandon Molniya orbits. The low earth orbits would offer low cost and Brandon orbits would offer the convenience of stationary ground antennas. Ten micron laser links are studied for low cost and low cloud attenuation.
With the increasing grid penetration levels of wind power, there is an increasing need to study both the power control systems and the regulatory aspects associated with frequency control capabilities of wind power plants at various levels (turbine, wind farm and power system levels). This is especially very important in the United States with a goal of achieving 20% nation's electricity from wind...
The field-failures of a power converter depends on the reliability characteristics of circuit components, package and interconnect parasitics, thermal management and cooling, load characteristics, and the field operating environment, among other factors. In this paper, power supply field-reliability improvement by careful screening of power MOSFET's is reported. A new power MOSFET screening criteria...
Power grids by their nature occupy a large geographical area, and any robust, intelligent control system for these grids needs to be distributed as well. Moreover, the increase in both the number and types of intelligent power consumer devices and the number and variation in renewable power sources presents new challenges and opportunities for more intelligent control. In this paper, the authors use...
Degradation in the performance of TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells was studied by electrochemical impedance (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Degradation was carried out by aging the dye-sensitized solar cells in ambient conditions for 4500 hours. The current-voltage performance results, measured under solar simulator light show a 88% reduction in the short circuit current...
Todays electric power distribution systems are very complex and power systems restructuring also has introduced new complexities in controlling of these systems. Multi agent systems (MAS) are one of the popular approaches to improve the efficiency, reliability and safety through automated distributed control and modern communication technologies in power systems. A multi agent system structure could...
An adaptive flux weakening control scheme is proposed for the surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The method adaptively controls the demagnetizing current with changes in speed or load torque. The method does not require DC bus voltage sensing of the power converter and unsusceptible to the motor parameter changes. No requirement of bus voltage makes it suitable for voltage sensor...
As the Smart Grid develops, demand response plays an important role for both consumers and the utility. Proper price signal can result in conspicuous peak shifting. This paper analyses changes of load behavior under different price scenarios, and how demand response smooths out fluctuations of distributed generation (DG). This study demonstrates the performance of demand response, which contributes...
As the population is increasing of the world, the demand for the energy or power is also increasing. Enormous efforts and projects are being experimented for finding the right choice of energy source to use. Analyzing the recent condition of the power and energy sources we should depend on the alternative energy sources to meet the energy demand of the future generations. Solar, Wind, Biomass etc...
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is among the most promising semiconductor for high-voltage and high-temperature power electronics switching applications. A careful analysis of the current state-of-the-art commercial 4H-SiC power Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) shows that these devices are operated well below their true avalanche breakdown potential. It is found that the breakdown voltage ratings of these devices...
Buildings account for about 40% of total energy consumption. Efficient building energy control can considerably reduce energy costs. A smart grid takes advantage of bi-directional energy and information flow between the utility grid and the energy user. Smart buildings can charge or discharge energy or power from multiple buildings (multi-agent systems) using smart meters via battery storage in the...
Real-time measurement and control are essential in electrical power grid systems and the timing requirements (such as time synchronization) on the measurement and control of power grid are critical. The IEEE 1588, as a precision clock synchronization protocol, was proposed to guarantee the precise clock synchronization in nanoseconds and has broad applications in power grid systems. In this paper,...
Network reconfiguration is a combinatorial optimization problem that can be used to reduce power losses in distribution systems while satisfying all operating constraints. Distribution systems are greatly impacted by the increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) resources and thus it is necessary to develop methods that can quantify the effects of DG on network reconfiguration. This paper...
To assess the effectiveness of integrating distributed energy resources, we investigate three types of grid systems: power grid with only bulk energy generators, power grid with distributed energy resources, and power grid with both distributed energy resources and storage devices. Based on the metrics of power cumulative cost and user service reliability, we analyze the impact of integrating distributed...
In this paper a hybrid multi agent system approach for fast power restoration in power distribution systems is presented. Hybrid structure of MAS provides the capability of solving the restoration problem with taking the advantages of both centralized and distributed agent structures. Bottom-up order of agents constructing the MAS is zone agents, feeder and substation agents. In this architecture,...
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