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Deteriorating water quality is a serious concern in many developing countries, with severe health consequences especially for children. However, current methods for monitoring waterborne pathogens are often time-consuming, expensive, and labor intensive, which makes them challenging to be implemented in these regions. Toward a solution to this problem, we have demonstrated an electrochemical sensor...
Carotid artery disease occurs when the diameter of the carotid arteries is narrowed because of a buidup of fatty plaque and cholesterol along the inside walls of the arteries. Carotid arteries can develop atherosclerosis which is a chronic disease characterized by unusual thickening and hardening of the carotid artery walls. The intima-media thickness (IMT) is a reliable early indicator of this pathology...
The dilemma of cardiovascular disease in India is staggering, accounting for over 3 million annual deaths. A majority of India's population is rural and lacks adequate medical facilities for maintenance of cardiac health. Three main barriers of rural healthcare penetration in India include socioeconomic challenges, shortage of medical expertise, and underdeveloped infrastructure. In this paper we...
Although various electrical and non-electrical biosignal-monitoring miniaturized equipment have been developed, tested and employed, out of the traditional Hospital environment, it is only during the last few years that a comparable trend is appearing, concerning Laboratory and Respiratory Medicine. It is the purpose of this paper to present the development status of a system, supporting decision-making...
Telemedicine interventions are being increasingly used in the care of adults with hypertension however application of these technologies in children with high BP has not been systematically studied. The goal of this project was to develop a mobile BP telemanagement system for children with hypertension and to evaluate its feasibility. The prototype system consisted of a home unit, decision support...
When developing novel technologies for point-of-care medical devices it is important to keep in mind that use errors are a significant source of harm to patients. Some have estimated that a third of medical device incident reports to the US Food and Drug Administration involved use error. In order to make these novel point-of-care devices effective in developing countries, engineers must carefully...
Diabetic retinopathy is a vascular disorder caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. The proposed work uses an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) approach for blood vessel detection in digital retinal images. This approach is based on pixel classification using a 7-D feature vector obtained from preprocessed retinal images and given as input to an ELM. Classification results categorizes each...
In this paper, we discuss a wearable wireless system capable of acquiring data from a variety of sensors. The device uses Bluetooth technology to stream data from up to 16 channels/sensors to a laptop computer running MATLAB. Complete with programmable sampling rates, off-the-shelf components, and power saving features, this system provides an inexpensive and reliable means of transmitting data for...
The most important determinant of prognosis and management of cancer is the presence or absence of metastasis [1]. The road to metastasis involves tumor cells to become detached from the primary tumor and travel in the blood to distant sites, causing secondary tumors. These tumor cells traveling in blood are termed Circulating tumor cells (CTC). Capture of CTC from whole blood has been a challenging...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is commonly seen among older populace and it is the most widespread of arthritic type. It is a degenerative joint disease where cartilage slowly wears away. Cartilage that covers the bone ensures the smooth movements of the joints. In knee OA, affected bones slide together due to degradation of cartilage, causing swell, pain and eventual loss of motion. Due to stress, knee joints...
This paper reports a novel use of CMOS sensor technology in the development of microscopes, spectrophotometers and biosensors. A webcam CMOS Sensor was exploited to gain sufficient magnifications of carbon fibers (diameter 7 micrometers) and permanent slides of rat brain sections excluding use of any lens system for the purpose. Magnifications around 150 to 200 times were achieved using given CMOS...
Acne scars are of great cosmetic concern, and there are several methods of treatment towards reducing the appearance of scars. Automatic detection of acne scar-pixels from digital color images would be helpful in quantitative assessment of the success of treatment. This paper addresses detection of acne scar-pixels based on color image processing. The RGB model is used to representing the data. Pixels...
Developing affordable technology that supports comprehensive self-management of HIV poses great challenges as it has to address complex care needs including prevention of risky behavior, slowing of disease progression and medication adherence for antiretrovirals, opportunistic infection medication and possibly other chronic disease medication. The combination of multiple health communication channels...
Studies showed that obtaining personalized health information facilitates patient education and compliance. Older adults with various comorbidities and their caregivers could potentially benefit from obtaining personalized health information via a web-based patient portal. However, it is not clear whether this population, that could potentially most benefit from a patient portal, is likely to make...
This paper describes the use of Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) along with some standard feature extraction methods and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification algorithm to separate 8 different phases of gait by using electromyographic (EMG) signal data of the lower limb. Four time domain features along with 4th order Auto-Regressive model were used to get feature vector set from the...
Development of micro-fabrication technology, along with an ever increasing demand for reliable, low cost clinical health care has led to the realization of various BioMEMS devices. Present study aims for developing a flexible flow sensor on polymer substrate to monitor real-time blood flow and determine plague formation satisfying sensitivity, biocompatibility, and reliability requirements. Transient...
In this paper, we present a novel pulseoximetric sensor which can be worn in the ear channel. In previous work, we could demonstrate that measurement of heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory related information can be performed with reliable accuracy. Since these results were obtained under laboratory conditions, we now studied the feasibility of a clinical appliance of...
Clinicians generally agree that the most effective way to treat a malignant tumor within body organs is to detect it early. Currently, detection is mostly based on clinical diagnostics triggered by specific symptoms, which is often too late allowing the malignancy to reach an advanced stage. Automated high-resolution monitoring of body parts at regular intervals can be highly effective for detection...
Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor in worldwide deaths. This problem has led to the need for new research paradigms investigating the effect of sedentary behavior on negative health outcomes. Central to this need is the development of objective and ubiquitous sensors that provide accurate measurements of activity to assist in intervention. Phone-based kinematic sensors, such as accelerometers...
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