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A new high resolution Ku-band Doppler radar with scanning capability for meteorological applications has been developed. With the new system design, the radar can accurately measure the radar reflectivity factor with 4-m resolution at the lowest usable height of 60 m from short distance (e.g., minimum detectable reflectivity at 60 m is 5 dBz) to a few km (e.g., min. det. refl. at 2 km is 30 dBz) for...
The modeling of the clutter echoes is a central issue for the design and performance evaluation of radar systems. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-the-art approaches to the modeling and understanding of land and sea clutter echoes and their implications on performance prediction and signal processors design. The tutorial is mainly divided in 5 parts: (i) Radar sea and ground clutter...
This course provides even relative newcomers to radar an appreciation of radarpsilas uses today, and a true understanding of the nature of radar and its subsystems and of the underlying principles of the fascinating advances being made today and so widely reported in our conferences and other technical media. The course is an excellent ldquowarm-uprdquo for RadarCon-08!
Since its inception 30 years ago perhaps no innovation in radar technology has made such a tremendous impact on the field as that of radar interferometry. Radar interferometry uses two or more observations separated in either time or space to measure fraction of a wavelength scale range differences between the two observations. Radar interferometry is used by scientific, commercial and government...
It has been remarked that interest in the subject of bistatic radar has varied cyclically, with a period of about fifteen years. The very first radars were bistatic, until T/R switches were invented. Interest was revived in the 1950s/1960s, with semi-active homing missiles and the SPASUR system, then died away. The second resurgence was in the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, with systems such as SANCTUARY...
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is an advanced signal processing methodology for the Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode of airborne and space borne surveillance radar systems. It is used to mitigate motion-induced spread-Doppler clutter that interferes with the echo from ground targets. The course will develop and clearly illustrate the GMTI problem from first principles, showing the...
The tutorial provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of high frequency over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, including sky-wave and surface-wave systems as well as other bi-static HF radar architectures. The main challenges of operating in the HF environment are described and connected to motivate and explain the architecture and design of existing OTH radar systems. From this viewpoint, the...
Future multi-mission / multi-mode sensors and radio frequency systems will have to operate in electromagnetically dense signal environments. Furthermore, a diverse cadre of concepts may result in a variety of fielded systems, all operating in close proximity to each other. While this ever growing collection of concepts bodes well for the rapid transition of new technology, these systems must share...
Summary form only given.Fundamental tools for radar signal analysis - the matched filter response and the ambiguity function - are briefly discussed and demonstrated on basic signals: LFM pulse, coherent pulse train and a coherent train of LFM pulses. Advanced pulse compression signals and sidelobe reduction techniques are then studied, including: frequency modulation (Costas, NLFM, multi-carrier),...
Space-Time-Adaptive Processing (STAP) is becoming an integral part of modern airborne and space-based radars for performing Airborne Moving Target Indicator (AMTI) and Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) functions. STAP is an application of optimum and adaptive array processing algorithms to the radar problem of target detection in ground clutter and interference with pulse-Doppler waveforms and...
In the last ten years, there has been significant emphasis on advancing sensor systems with active electronically scanned antennas (AESAs). The recent advances in computing technologies make it affordable to exploit the flexibility of AESAs using very high performance embedded computers for signal and image processing. This tutorial presents an overview of applications demanding real-time embedded...
Many think that radar is a mature field, nothing new to happen; it has been around a long time. Nothing can be further from the truth. When the author entered the field in the 50psilas the author thought the same thing. The MIT Radiation Lab series 28 book volume set summarizing the highly classified World War II work on radar was just published and provided the definitive coverage and there was to...
Previous work has addressed adaptive radar waveforms that may be designed to be spectrally orthogonal to a received, in-band, time-varying, interference environment. This paper introduces a different adaptive waveform technique whereby a standard LFM waveform is modified to minimize its adjacent-band interference to other spectral users. In addition, results are shown for in-band and/or adjacent-band...
In this paper we study the statistical distributions of bistatic scattering from Pierson-Moskowitz sea surfaces. The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied and the Maxwellpsilas equations are solved numerically using the Banded Matrix Iterative Approach. By assuming normal-distributed and correlated real and imaginary scattering components, we derive analytical probability density functions (pdfs)...
This work uses ordinary X-band marine radars to extract directional wave spectra and their related sea state parameters, as well as speed and direction of ocean surface currents, including tidal information. The used method analyzes the structure in frequency and wave number vector of the image spectra derived from of temporal sequences of marine radar images of the sea surface acquired by a marine...
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