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Recent advances in software processes and artifacts for automating middleware configurations in distributed realtime and embedded (DRE) systems are starting to address the complexities faced by system developers in dealing with the flexibility and configurability provided by contemporary middleware. Despite the benefits of these new processes, there remain significant challenges in verifying their...
Today many embedded computer applications are developed under the assumptions that the hardware works always as described in the documentation, the operating system is free of design errors and the clients use the system as specified. These assumptions lead to systems that are fragile - they break if even a single transistor out of a billion transistors chip occasionally malfunctions or a sporadic...
In an integration system of RFID and wireless sensor network (WSN), RFID is used to identify objects while WSN can provide context environment information of these objects. Thus, it increases system intelligent in pervasive computing. We propose the EPC sensor network (ESN) architecture as an integration system of RFID and WSN. This ESN architecture is based on EPCglobal architecture, the de facto...
Grid computing has emerged as a new paradigm of distributed computing technology on large-scale resource sharing and coordinated problem solving. Based on a proposed Web service-based grid architecture, we have designed a service grid middleware system called CROWN which aims to promote the utilization of valuable resources and cooperation of researchers nationwide and world-wide. To address the issues...
This paper introduces ReDAC, a new algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration of multi-threaded applications. In order to achieve high reliability and availability, distributed component software has to support dynamic reconfiguration. Typical examples include the application of hot-fixes to deal with security vulnerabilities. ReDAC can be implemented on top of the modern component-platforms Java and ...
Resource allocation decisions are critical for the design of embedded real-time systems. Today's trend to software integration makes these decisions tightly coupled to the software architecture. In this paper we discuss the use of architectural models to guide and maintain the integrity of the resource allocation decision at different levels of refinement of the system design. We discuss the budgeting...
The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the terminology of time Petri nets and the definitions of their state spaces. The classical "state classes" construction, preserving markings and LTL properties, is explained in section 3, and its properties discussed. Section 4 explains the richer "strong state classes" abstraction, that allows in addition to decide state reachability...
Some emerging networked embedded real-time applications have relatively long reaction time magnitudes-e.g., milliseconds to minutes. These longer execution time magnitudes allow opportunities for more computationally expensive scheduling algorithms than what is traditionally considered for device-level real-time control sub-systems. In this paper, we review recent research conducted on collaborative...
As ITS technology evolves, very large volume of traffic data can be obtained in real-time. Traffic data are continuously produced and they can be considered as a kind of stream data. Currently, such traffic data are not maintained permanently because of the storage limitations of operational systems. Therefore, it was impossible to compare temporal historical patterns over long time periods. In this...
The real-time specification for Java (RTSJ) extends the Java memory model through immortal and scoped memory regions to reduce the timing-indeterminism caused by garbage collection. Since scoped regions can be nested, RTSJ imposes strict assignment rules to avoid dangling pointers. These rules stabilise that an object shall not reference any object whose lifetime could be shorter than they own. Then...
Universal middleware bridge (UMB) provides seamless interoperation among heterogeneous home network middleware. There have been high demands for the UMB components (UMB core and adaptors) to have fault- tolerance capabilities. This paper presents a TMO structuring approach together with new implementation techniques for the fault-tolerant TMO-replica structuring scheme called PSTR. PSTR implementations...
Our aim is to investigate if it is possible to control the throughput (IPC rate) of a thread running on a simultaneous multi-threaded microprocessor by a closed feedback loop. We showed in previous experimental studies that the proposed approach works. In this paper we discuss the control theory approach from a theoretical point of view. We develop a mathematical model of a general purpose multi-threaded...
Conditional real-time task models, which are generalizations of periodic, sporadic, and multi-frame tasks, represent real world applications more accurately. These models can be classified based on a tradeoff in two dimensions - expressivity and hardness of schedulability analysis. In this work, we introduce a class of conditional task models and derive efficient schedulability analysis techniques...
The time-triggered paradigm encompasses a set of concepts and principles that support the design of dependable real-time systems. By using the properties of physical time and the mechanism of clock synchronization, coordinated interaction between distributed nodes can be facilitated. This paper briefly explains the time-triggered approach, defines a taxonomy for real-time requirements and discusses...
Timeliness-guaranteed computing considering the worst case can hardly be accomplished at run time because of the uncertainty caused by resource sharing, asynchronous events and conflicting timing constraints between tasks. An easier way to reach it is to do some off-line analysis from design time with predictable characteristics of tasks. The TMO model supporting time-triggered (SpM) and message-triggered...
Java, as a safe and platform independent language, avoids access to low-level I/O devices or direct memory access. In standard Java, low-level I/O it not a concern; it is handled by the operating system. However, in the embedded domain resources are scarce and a Java virtual machine (JVM) without an underlying middleware is an attractive architecture. When running the JVM on bare metal, we need access...
Real-time Linux variants are becoming prominent solutions for the development of embedded systems. Compared to traditional real-time operating systems, embedded system engineers can leverage solutions and knowhow from the Linux development community (e.g., development tools, applications, drivers). Due to the availability of implementations of Internet protocols and network drivers, Linux also facilitates...
In this paper we describe our approach for developing a QoS-aware, dependable execution environment for large-scale distributed stream processing applications. Distributed stream processing applications have strong timeliness and security demands. In particular, we address the following challenges: (1) propose a real-time dependable execution model by extending the component-based execution model...
Optimal real-time scheduling is effective to not only schedulability improvement but also energy efficiency for real-time systems. In this paper, we propose real-time static voltage and frequency scaling (RT-SVFS) techniques based on an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for multiprocessors. The techniques are theoretically optimal when the voltage and frequency can be controlled both uniformly...
A real-time database is a database in which both the data and the operations upon the data may have timing constraints. The design of this kind of database requires the introduction of new concepts to modelize both data structures and the dynamic behavior of the database. In this paper, we propose an UML2.0 profile, entitled UML-RTDB, allowing the design of structural model for a real-time database...
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