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Vegetation abundance and distribution are fundamental determinants of urban environmental conditions. Physical and ecological processes in urban environments are dependent on the distribution and scaling properties of urban vegetation. By comparing intraurban and interurban vegetation distributions in different urban settings, it is possible to quantify consistencies and variances that determine which...
Urban vegetation is known to play a major role in improving urban environmental conditions and to contribute to urban life quality. Consequently, nowadays most central European cities take special care on green spaces management and research on the effects is performed in different disciplines. Both need precise and up-to-date information, also beyond public areas. Using remote sensing is therefore...
This article presents a new approach for the study of urban areas using polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data. The PolSAR multidimensional information is analyzed using a linear time-frequency (TF) decomposition which permits to describe an urban area polarimetric behavior for different azimuth angles of observation and frequencies of illumination. A TF signal model, adapted to the case of urban areas is...
In this work, we devise a change detection technique for urban areas based on the fusion of temporal series of SAR images with a single multi-band optical image. The proposed technique aims at exploiting both the high repetition observation rate available with the new generation of SAR systems and the high level of details available even in a single multiband optical image. The approach has been validated...
This article defines principles for a new generation of geometric simulator, able to unify volumic data representation and processing for real time applications in urban simulation. The proposed simulator unifies in particular geometric and graphic pipelines, replacing polygonal surfaces with descriptive polynomials for generalized algebraic surfaces. Such algebraic surfaces are combined with an arithmetical...
NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center has developed a time series of annual global nighttime lights products at approximately 1 km resolution extending from 1992 to 2003. These products are cloud-free composites which have been processed to remove ephemeral lights from events like fires and background noise. Because the OLS has no on-board calibration an empirical approach was used to inter-calibrate...
Remote sensing techniques have revealed a suitable monitoring tool to provide data useful for disaster studies. They allow the quick detection of damage and building collapses due to earthquakes, especially in remote areas or where the infrastructures are not well developed to ensure the necessary communication exchanges. In particular, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor is widely used in environmental...
The building damage detection technique which we have developed has been successfully applied to past events such as the earthquakes in Kobe in 1995, India in 2001, and Bam in 2003 by using the compound index, z-value, a value derived from the correlation and difference in intensities between pre-and post-event SAR images. This technique was applied to the aJapan earthquakereas affected in the Niigata-ken...
Over the last five to ten years, Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM) technology, also known simply as Lidar, has become widely available to the remote sensing research community. In that time, many fields of application have been proposed. The majority of the early successful applications were for terrain mapping and surveying, but the high resolution data delivered by this technology has allowed...
The achievable ground resolution of state-of-the-art synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors enables the analysis of urban areas with industrial as well as residential character. In this paper, an approach is proposed to detect and reconstruct small as well as extended buildings from multi-aspect high resolution InSAR data sets. The recognition of buildings is supported by knowledge based analysis...
The analysis of data derived by full-waveform laser scanning systems is of great interest. In this study, we use a simulated surface response to estimate the slope of a plane surface by full-waveform analysis. For analysis the transmitted waveform of the emitted pulse is used to estimate the received waveform of the backscattered pulse for a known surface. We simulated a plane surface with different...
Urban land surface temperatures (LST) are often correlated with thematic land use and land cover (LULC) data in order to understand its spatial variability. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of LST in the City of Indianapolis, the United States by using sub-pixel biophysical variables extracted from a spectral mixture analysis (SMA). A Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus image of the...
Microwave technique and device for the measurements of the radius of atmosphere surface layer pollution near the plant with phase radar methods are presented. Uncertainty elimination of the phase measurements is discussed and one is achieved by frequency changing upon certain rule. That gives increasing of measurement accuracy.
In 2005 ordnance survey, Britain's national mapping agency, acquired a new digital aerial camera - the integraph Z/I imaging digital mapping camera (DMC). The high spatial resolution of the DMC makes it especially suitable for classification-based feature extraction. Also, the DMC provides near infrared (NIR) digital imagery, a type of information that has never before been used by ordnance survey...
Tversky's set-theoretic similarity states that a similarity measure should increase with the saliency of common features and decrease with that of distinctive features. When all necessary and relevant semantic features could be listed by hand, the similarity measure would be reduced to count the number of common features followed by subtracting the number of distinctive features. The reason is one...
Geographic information processing and visualization on new types of platform such as mobile environment or web environment has been regarded as one of industrial and academic issues. For this, the various approaches for mobile GIS and Web GIS are being carried out on the application level. Motivation of this study is on system architecture and a prototype implementation for 3D mobile and Web 3D application...
This study demonstrated the importance of GIS as an indispensable tool for resource mobilization and service delivery in LGA administration in the developing countries. The case study area was Ifako/Ijaye, a metropolitan LGA in Lagos, Nigeria. Attempt was made to track the spatial asset base of the LGA using high resolution satellite imagery and GPS campaign and the data were integrated and analysed...
Satellite observations are used to monitor the August 2003 heat wave in Paris, and their applications to environmental risk assessment and to health alert systems are discussed. Fifty NOAA-AVHRR satellites images were processed to retrieve the diurnal variations of surface temperature. Land cover classification of the Paris basin was mapped from a multi-spectral SPOT-HRV image. Geographic Information...
The objective of the current study was to develop a methodology for the identification of tree species in an urban environment by using Quickbird multispectral data, AISA hyperspectral data, AISA Eagle hyperspectral data and Leica ALS50 LiDAR data. For this research, object-oriented classification was performed using eCognition Professional. The classifications were performed on each of the images...
Operation Murambatsvina, also known as Operation Restore Order, has been a country wide operation carried out by the Zimbabwean Government of forced mass evictions, the demolition of homes and informal businesses. This paper presents first steps towards a transferable and robust change analysis approach for detecting and quantifying damages. The method used for damage detection combines object-based...
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