In order to counter the impact of negative economic factors, the South African minerals industry has implemented various initiatives, some of which are outlined using the gold mining industry as a typical example. The resurgence of this industry subsequent to the recovery of the gold price, also exemplifies the potential for general recovery of the minerals industry when other commodity prices exhibit a similar upward move. The paper acknowledges the fundamental role that the minerals industries has to play in the future development, not only of South Africa but of the entire Sub-Saharan region. A number of current and future research initiatives are discussed and the contributions of technology, education, training, and government - private sector interaction in ensuring long term viability is outlined.