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Evaporation duct is an anomalous atmospheric surface layer over the sea surface and has severe influence on the microwave propagation. The evaporation duct height, which implies the strength of the evaporation duct, is an important physical quantity. Based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data and the evaporation duct model, high spatial resolution...
This paper presents the theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on multipath arrival structures. The principles of channel modelling in Ray-theory, determination of eigenrays which connect source and receiver, the information of source range and source depth is included primarily in arrival angles and time delays. The weighted-subspace-fitting (WSF) technique is used to minimize...
Evaporation duct has strong impacts on the performance of marine radar and communication systems. Evaporation duct channel is a promising channel for marine high capacity data transmission. Wave propagation models and evaporation duct models are well studied, and statistical features of duct channel has been observed. However, the work on the physical model of small-scale characteristics of evaporation...
Cylindrical arrays are widely used in sonar systems for underwater target detection. For the sake of reducing calculation, each line of hydrophones at the same azimuth direction aligned with the cylinder axis are hardwired together in practice and thus, each line array with omnidirectional sensors becomes a directional sensor steered to broadside. As a result, the cylindrical array can be treated...
The distance of conventional X-band microwave propagation over the sea surface is within ‘radio line-of-sight’ (RLOS) which limits its application in long-range land-buoy communication. To overcome the above limitation, evaporation duct (EVD) is employed as an alternative to the physical channel in the land-buoy communication and the corresponding communication distance could be extended to hundreds...
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