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This paper gives an overview of the calorimetric systems used to determine the losses of converters and motors, introduces the standards in the scope of the topic briefly, and highlights the problems associated with the loss determination of high efficiency devices. The calorimeters are classified in four categories based on chamber configuration. Information about previously published calorimeters...
Electrical motors and drives are the driving force in industry and economy. Continuous improvement of their efficiency is critical to reduce CO2 emissions; however, accurate measurement of their power losses poses a particular challenge. At present, it relies on input-output methods to test permanent magnetic (PM) machine drives and power electronics, which proved to lack precision for highly efficient...
The determination of the power losses in the high-efficiency electric motors with distorted voltage and current waveforms is technically challenging and thus an alternative using the calorimetric measurement systems is gaining in popularity. Different types of calorimetric systems with their pros and cons have been proposed in the literature but they are generally limited in measurement accuracy and...
Results of five induction motor efficiency measurements according IE C 60034-2-1 are presented. The uncertainty of the measurements is analyzed using scientific and numerical methods.
90 kW frequency converter driven synchronous reluctance machine losses are determined simultaneously with the input-output powers and with the calorimetric method. Uncertainty of both measurement methods is analyzed and discussed. Calorimetric measurement system that is capable to determine the losses of the motor frame size up to 315 is introduced.
Accurate measurement of power losses of high efficiency motors is difficult with the input-output method. In the calorimetric method, the power losses are measured directly rather than using the power difference between the electrical input power and mechanical shaft power. This paper describes a practical calorimetric system suitable for measuring motor losses. A 37 kW induction motor losses with...
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters are widely used to control electrical machines accurately for process needs, thereby increasing the system energy efficiency. The PWM methods, however, have also adverse effects and produce additional losses in the motor compared with the sinusoidal supply. Naturally, additional losses increase the motor temperature and, at least in principle, result in derating...
A coupled system simulator, based on analytical circuit equations and a finite element method (FEM) model of the motor, is used to analyze a direct-torque-controlled (DTC) frequency-converter-fed industrial 200 kW squirrel-cage induction motor. The measured stator voltage waveforms are used as inputs to the FEM motor model, and the results are compared with the measured ones. Comparison is also made...
Coupled system simulator based on FEM and analytical circuit equations is used to analyze direct torque controlled frequency converter fed industrial 200 kW squirrel-cage induction motor. The stator currents are analyzed in frequency domain. The performance of the FEM-motor model is compared with analytical motor model and the results are verified by measurements.
Coupled FEM and system simulator is used to analyze direct torque controlled frequency converter fed standard 15 kW squirrel-cage induction motor. The waveforms of the stator currents are analyzed in frequency domain. The performance of the FEM - motor model is compared with analytical motor model and the results are verified by measurements.
The total losses of a frequency converter are calculated by using a fast fixed-step circuit simulator. A simple model for calculating the frequency converter total losses at different operating points is presented. Direct torque control (DTC) is applied as the control method of the converter. The simulated converter losses are verified by measurements.
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