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This paper describes a laboratory setup as the scaled model of a three substation power system. The scaled model has been developed at the Power System Control and Automation Laboratory of Georgia Institute of Technology. Elaborate physical models for the power system components along with high fidelity models for signal generation and interfacing to the laboratory setup are among its unique features...
This paper describes a breaker monitoring method and network control to avoid overstressing breakers during faults. The method is proposed as a control center application. Specifically, utilizing the real time model of the system, the expected fault current distribution is computed for each breaker. In case that faults are identified that will exceed the ratings of the breaker, the optimal reconfiguration...
This paper presents a survey about the perception of achievable automobile fuel economies versus EPA ratings. The survey follows up of a driving experiment in which the fuel consumed was 30% lower than the rated consumption for the same distance. On one hand, the results of the survey suggest that for most people, the perception of the possible fuel economy of a particular car seems to be biased by...
Demand response (DR) provides means for utilities to reduce the power consumption and save energy. Plus, it maximizes utilizing the current capacity of the distribution system infrastructure, reducing or eliminating the need for building new lines and expanding the system. A typical DR program requires two parties to cooperate: the utility and the customers. In this paper a novel intelligent demand...
This paper presents a laboratory setup for transient testing of relays and GPS-synchronized devices. The setup relies on a unique, realistic scaled model of a small three substation system, along with its metering equipment. Lumped models of transmission lines are included that realistically represent the mutual couplings between the phases and asymmetries. Two phase shifters provide loading controllability...
This paper describes a method for predicting circuit breaker time-to-failures using a probabilistic operational model that incorporates generation capacity growth. Increases in generation capacity may cause fault current levels to approach or exceed circuit breaker ratings. This condition may increase the probability of a circuit breaker failure. Circuit breaker failures result in common-mode multiple...
In power system planning and operation procedures, bulk power system reliability assessment plays an important role. The current practice of such assessment generally assumes that protection systems are perfect, and the effects of protection system hidden failures are ignored. Recent research, however, shows that protection system hidden failures have been recognized as a contributing factor to power...
This paper presents the Waveform Analyzers software, a tool that leverages the power of the Microsoft .NET Framework, and developed to allow users to design and experiment with their own relay functions. Relay functions can be developed using any .NET language, including C# and Visual Basic, and tested against waveforms prerecorded in COMTRADE format. The combination of .NET and the software developed...
Protection system hidden failures have been recognized as a contributing factor to power system cascading outages. However, in the current bulk power system reliability assessment practice, protection systems are generally assumed to be perfect, and the effects of hidden failures in protection systems are not taken into account. In this paper, the impact of protection system hidden failures on bulk...
With the expansion of the grid, fault current levels increase and circuit breakers are subject to increasing duties and stresses, and are more prone to failures. Because the performance of breakers is critically affecting the operation and protection of the power grid, it is important to quantify the probability of failure of the circuit breakers to assess the risks, prioritize maintenance and replace...
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