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In his presentation of the situation of the Bulgarian population under Ottoman rule the author became involved in a polemic with conventional black and white schemes cultivated in world and Bulgarian historiography. Such schemes portray, on the one hand, the despicable cruelty of the Turkish oppressors and, on the other hand, the pitiful plight of the Bulgars, maltreated and denationalised by a policy...
Jakub Lange - a Calvinist, and a son of a teacher - came to Warsaw from the Swiss canton of Grisons around the half of the 19th century. His life resembles the life of Stanislaw Wokulski, the protagonist 'The Doll' by Boleslaw Prus. Jakub Lange is likely to be the model for the main character of the novel. At the beginning of his stay in Warsaw, Lange probably took up smithery, and later made his...
The author discusses a conflict which emerged in certain parts of Poland and involved a small group (100-300 persons) of seasonal Bulgarian gardeners. The vegetables, frequently totally unknown in Poland or more attractive species, grown by them at the cost of hard work and a clever irrigation system, quickly found buyers. The local gardeners and traders recognised the presence of the Bulgarians to...
After the loss of independence, during almost the whole nineteenth century successive tides of Polish emigres tried to find a place for reconstructing the Polish Army and creating political centres which would steer the national liberation struggle. As a rule, attempts at establishing such beachheads were made in the Balkans. The Peninsula had been for a long time ruled by Turkey, a consistent opponent...
The article discusses the origin of the so-called Pomak question in Bulgaria and the relations between this ethnic group, composed of the followers of Islam, and the Orthodox majority of their kinsmen. The author examined the reasons for the conflicts between two parts of the same nation, often based on false premises or outside provocation. Against this backdrop, the author described the tragic plight...
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