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Restenosis is defined functionally as loss of luminal vessel patency following various methods of interventional cardiology, but ultrastructurally, it represents a wound healing response that involves smooth muscle migration, proliferation and matrix deposition at the site of injury. Currently, despite intensive experimental and clinical studies, there are no therapeutic agents that are able to suppress...
False-positive labeling was studied by immunogold-labeling methods. It was observed during an investigation of chitinase distribution in rust-infected bean leaves. Sixteen of the 23 antisera/immunoglobulins tested gave distinct and apparently specific labeling of the haustorial cell wall of the fungus, also with non-immune sera and non-related antisera: all of them were rabbit antisera or immunoglobulins...
Samples of unpurified and purified haemocyanin from the giant keyhole limpet Megathura crenulata have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using mixtures of trehalose with the negative stains, uranyl acetate and ammonium molybdate. Trehalose is a known protein preservative during air and freeze drying, UV irradiation and high temperatures, and therefore offers the possibility of...
Using thin-film standards of Al, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, and Te whose mass-thickness was determined by weighing, we investigated the accuracy of two methods of thickness measurement, both of which employ electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A method based on the Kramers-Kronig sum rule was found to provide an accuracy of better than 15%, given suitable treatment...
Membranes are consistent components of spindles in plants and animals. Depending on the species, they either form layers at the periphery of the spindle, are scattered throughout the spindle area or can be observed in both locations. This review aims to provide a survey of the arrangements and functions of membranes associated with the spindle apparatus in diverse invertebrate groups. In order to...
Recent developments in biological atomic force microscopy are reviewed. In addition to the advances in methodology, new structural information of different biological systems revealed by the atomic force microscopy is also presented. A discussion regarding the contrast, resolution and specimen deformation is provided based on a theoretical model.
Although earlier studies have shown the sensory equipment of some species of Anoplura, the objective of the current study is to provide further information on the species already studied, Haematopinus suis, H. eurysternus, H. asini, to report findings regarding the sensory equipment of other species not studied until now, such as Linognathus setosus, L. stenopsis, L. vituli andSolenopotes sp . and...
In the last decade, and in particular since the development of in vitro fertilization techniques, the nuclear status of human sperm cells has shown to be a key parameter in the assessment of male fertility. The shape and condensed state of the mature sperm nucleus are determined by structural and functional events that occur during spermiogenesis. This paper reviews essential findings on re-organization...
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is emerging as an important alternative to electron microscopy as a technique for analyzing submicron details on biological surfaces. Microbiological specimens such as viruses, bacteriophages, and ordered bacterial surface layers and membranes have played an important role in the development of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)...
The Intensity-modulated Multiple-beam Scanning (IMS) technique involves the use of modulated laser beams for specimen illumination, combined with lock-in amplifiers in the detection channels. In previous studies we have shown that this technique efficiently reduces cross-talk between the channels when simultaneously detecting multiple fluorophores. A drawback with the IMS technique is that it tends...
The purpose of this investigation was to explain why deplasticizing of epoxy sections gives higher immunogold labeling than non-deplasticizing. The methods used were the following: (1) Comparison of the ratio of immunogold labeling of deplasticized and non-deplasticized sections with gold particles of different sizes and comparison of this ratio with respect to sections of different thickness, (2)...
A convenient and efficient method for the site-specific incorporation of foreign cysteine residues at the C-termini of immunoglobulin G (IgG) using carboxypeptidase-Y-catalyzed transpeptidation is explored as a means of ensuring oriented immobilization of IgG on gold. A scanning tunnelling microscopic study of the immobilization of the modified IgG molecules on gold surfaces is reported. The results...
In the present work, convergent beam electron diffraction was studied in zirconium (a material of intermediate atomic number) at 300 keV, under weak beam diffraction conditions. For a particular thickness, the details in an observed low order disc were matched to those calculated using the multibeam dynamical theory. This presents the possibility of determining foil thickness over a wide range,...
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