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Access to electricity is a persistent, endemic challenge impeding development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Decades of postcolonial underinvestment have resulted in just 80 GW of installed generation capacity?less than that of the United Kingdom?in a region with over 860 million people. Of the 20 countries with the lowest electrification rates in the world, 19 are found in Sub-Saharan Africa, where, on average,...
A key input to any responsible energy development project is the current state of energy consumption in the local community as well as the associated expenses. This information can be used to guide the design of the system and to plan for the project's long-term financial viability. This paper describes residential energy use and costs in Muhuru Bay, Kenya. The results are based on a 2013 household...
It is estimated that over 1.5 billion people do not have adequate access to electrical energy. In many cases, electrification through traditional centralized grid expansion is not a viable option. As such, community-scale micro grids have been developed in numerous locations. These systems often rely on renewable resources as their power source. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges...
Even the most affordable renewable energy installation still needs an investment that is significant for local people, so that a co-financing party is often indispensable. This article investigates through field research in Tanzania and a technology survey, whether technology could be able to support such investment schemes. It would secure reimbursements in the same flexible and secure way people...
This paper proposes a different way to model the violation penalties in the price-based economic dispatch algorithm used at SPP. Instead of using a flat violation penalty rate to discourage operating constraints violations, a MW dependent multi-step violation penalty function is introduced. A comparative study is preformed to analyze the impact of the new violation model on the average prices and...
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