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In this paper, for any non-empty subset A of a BCI-algebra X, we introduce the concept of p-closure of A, denoted by $$A^{pc}$$ Apc , and investigate some related properties. Applying this concept, we characterize the minimal elements of BCI-algebras. We also give a characterization of the p-closure of subalgebras of X by some branches of X. We state a necessary and sufficient condition for a BCI-algebra...
Ideals and atoms are studied by various authors from different point of views. In different algebras there are studied different ideals, but obtained results are similar. Below we present a new method of study of ideals in BZ-algebras. Using this method we describe the connection between ideals of various types.
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