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Items from 1 to 20 out of 942 results

article

Modeling the Training Effect in Exchange‐Biased Bilayers for Large Numbers of Magnetization Reversal Cycles

Johannes Fiedler, Martin Wortmann, Tomasz Blachowicz, Andrea Ehrmann

physica status solidi (b) > 261 > 3 > n/a - n/a

The exchange bias (EB) is a unidirectional anisotropy that occurs, e.g., upon field‐cooling ferromagnet/antiferromagnet systems. In many material systems, the EB field is reduced from one hysteresis loop to the next measurement. This so‐called training effect (TE) has been investigated in experiments and by means of theoretical efforts by many research groups. The reduction of the EB field as a result...

article

What can supraspecies richness tell us?

Igor V. Volvenko, Andrey V. Gebruk, Oleg N. Katugin, Georgy M. Vinogradov, more

Geographical Research > 61 > 4 > 503 - 511

Biogeographers, ecologists, palaeontologists, and conservation managers often deal with checklists in which not all individuals have been identified to a species level, or the accuracy of species identification is questionable. Is it possible and credible to investigate species richness based on such checklists? Studies on macrofauna in the Far Eastern seas, eastern Arctic seas, and adjacent waters...

article

Morphometric properties, scaling laws and hydrologic response of the Greater Paris combined sewer system

Mohamad Achour, Nanée Chahinian, Katia Chancibault, Hervé Andrieu, more

Hydrological Processes > 37 > 10 > n/a - n/a

Morphometric properties of channel networks are useful tools to classify catchments and calculate their hydrological response. Scaling laws have been established for Optimal Channel Networks (OCNs), which are defined based on a generative geomorphological mechanism of minimizing the total energy dissipation. However, sewer networks obey engineering efficiency rules and are conceived based on local...

article

Mathematical study and simulation on stenosed carotid arteries with the help of a two‐phase blood flow model

Pooja Maurya, Virendra Upadhyay, Surya Kant Chaturvedi, Dinesh Kumar

The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering > 101 > 10 > 5468 - 5481

The present study is focused on a medical problem called stenosed carotid artery. The problem is formulated with the help of a two‐phase blood flow model. The non‐Newtonian nature of blood is considered that hold power law. Physical quantities were expressed in tensorial form. Analytical and numerical methods are used to solve equations under given boundary conditions. The effects of various parameters...

article

Clustering and percolation on superpositions of Bernoulli random graphs

Mindaugas Bloznelis, Lasse Leskelä

Random Structures & Algorithms > 63 > 2 > 283 - 342

A simple but powerful network model with

n

nodes and

m

partly overlapping layers is generated as an overlay of independent random graphs

G_{1}, \dots, G_{m}

with variable sizes and densities. The model is parameterized by a joint distribution

P_{n}

of layer sizes and densities. When

m

grows linearly and

P_{n} \to P

n \to \infty

, the model...

article

From Pareto to Weibull – A Constructive Review of Distributions on ℝ⁺

Corinne Sinner, Yves Dominicy, Julien Trufin, Wout Waterschoot, more

International Statistical Review > 91 > 1 > 35 - 54

Power laws and power laws with exponential cut‐off are two distinct families of distributions on the positive real half‐line. In the present paper, we propose a unified treatment of both families by building a family of distributions that interpolates between them, which we call Interpolating Family (IF) of distributions. Our original construction, which relies on techniques from statistical physics,...

article

A discrete truncated Zipf distribution

Kwame Boamah‐Addo, Tomasz J. Kozubowski, Anna K. Panorska

Statistica Neerlandica > 77 > 2 > 156 - 187

We provide a comprehensive account of fundamental properties of a truncated discrete Zipf distribution, complementing the results available in the literature. In particular, we obtain results on existence and uniqueness of maximum likelihood parameter estimators and propose new testing methodology for the shape parameter. We also include data examples illustrating applicability of this stochastic...

article

Correlation between Acoustic Emission and Stress Evolution during Single Twin Boundary Motion in Ni–Mn–Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Single Crystal

Alexej Perevertov, Martin Ševčík, Oleg Heczko

physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters > 17 > 3 > n/a - n/a

Stress evolution and related acoustic emission (AE) in modulated 10M martensite are simultaneously studied during compression forced motion of Type I and Type II single twin boundary (TB) resulting in microstructure reorientation and large deformation. The single TB of both types is formed in the same sample and traveled the same volume. The single boundary exhibits random jerky movement and for...

article

Forest disturbance and growth processes are reflected in the geographical distribution of large canopy gaps across the Brazilian Amazon

Cristiano Rodrigues Reis, Toby D. Jackson, Eric Bastos Gorgens, Ricardo Dalagnol, more

Journal of Ecology > 110 > 12 > 2971 - 2983

Canopy gaps are openings in the forest canopy resulting from branch fall and tree mortality events. The geographical distribution of large canopy gaps may reflect underlying variation in mortality and growth processes. However, a lack of data at the appropriate scale has limited our ability to study this relationship until now. We detected canopy gaps using a unique LiDAR dataset consisting of...

article

Capital and Labor Income Pareto Exponents Across Time and Space

Tjeerd Vries, Alexis Akira Toda

Review of Income and Wealth > 68 > 4 > 1058 - 1078

We estimate capital and labor income Pareto exponents across 475 country‐year observations that span 52 countries over half a century (1967–2018). We document two stylized facts: (i) capital income is more unequally distributed than labor income in the tail; namely, the capital exponent (1–3, median 1.46) is smaller than labor (2–5, median 3.35), and (ii) capital and labor exponents are nearly uncorrelated...

article

Seeing shapes in clouds: the fallacy of deriving ecological hypotheses from statistical distributions

Robert J. Warren, James T. Costa, Mark A. Bradford

Oikos > 2022 > 11 > n/a - n/a

The explanations behind observations of global patterning in species diversity pre‐date the field of ecology itself. The generation of new species–area theories, in particular, far outpaces their falsification, resulting in a centuries‐old accumulation in species diversity theories. We use historical assessment and new data analysis to argue that one of the earliest recognized and most consistent...

article

Improvements in the estimation of b value: Limits of the power law

Rahul Sheoran, Prem Datt, Jangvir Singh Shahi, Praveen K. Srivastava

Structural Control and Health Monitoring > 29 > 11 > n/a - n/a

The mechanical health of any composite specimen can be monitored by recording the acoustic emissions (AE) from the surface and hence can be used to predict mechanical fracturing of the material. The AE technique, which is a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, is a common method to monitor the mechanical health of a structure/material. The AE data emanated from a specimen under mechanical stress...

article

Determination of Pareto Exponents in Economic Models Driven by Markov Multiplicative Processes

Brendan K. Beare, Alexis Akira Toda

Econometrica > 90 > 4 > 1811 - 1833

This article contains new tools for studying the shape of the stationary distribution of sizes in a dynamic economic system in which units experience random multiplicative shocks and are occasionally reset. Each unit has a Markov‐switching type, which influences their growth rate and reset probability. We show that the size distribution has a Pareto upper tail, with exponent equal to the unique positive...

article

The stress analysis effect on structural health monitoring in functionally graded shell

Ahmed Raee Madeh, Nabel Kadum Abd-Ali

Diagnostyka > 2022 > Vol. 23, No. 3 > art. no. 222302

The common damage in engineering structures, especially in functionally graded materials, such as failure resulting from fiber breaking or cracking in the matrix or deboning between fibers and matrix, as well as the delamination between the composite material plies and between its layers, may be due to thermal effects, vibration, load concentration as a result of stress and strain for provides information’s...

article

Thermally Induced Flexural Vibration Problem of Inhomogeneous Rectangular Plates: When Temperature Change at the Bottom Surface Is Kept at Zero

Masahide Ohno, Ryuusuke Kawamura

Advanced Engineering Materials > 24 > 5 > n/a - n/a

Herein, a thermally induced flexural vibration problem of inhomogeneous rectangular plates in which the material constants are given as a power of the coordinate in the thickness direction is considered. Assuming that the top surface of the plate uniformly receives cyclic heat supply and that the bottom surface is kept at zero temperature change, a problem of 1D heat conduction in an unsteady state...

article

Power law in COVID‐19 cases in China

Behzod B. Ahundjanov, Sherzod B. Akhundjanov, Botir B. Okhunjanov

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) > 185 > 2 > 699 - 719

The novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) was first identified in China in December 2019. Within a short period of time, the infectious disease has spread far and wide. This study focuses on the distribution of COVID‐19 confirmed cases in China—the original epicentre of the outbreak. We show that the upper tail of COVID‐19 cases in Chinese cities is well described by a power law distribution, with exponent...

article

Effect of weave pattern on high strain rate performance of glass/polytetrafluoroethylene composites

Aswani Kumar Bandaru, Hemant Chouhan, Sanjay Prasad, Paul M. Weaver, more

Polymer Composites > 43 > 3 > 1809 - 1822

An investigation of the effect of strain rate on the dynamic compressive behavior of glass/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite is presented. Experimental studies were carried out on two dimensional (2D), satin weave (SW) and three dimensional (3D) woven glass/PTFE composites using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. Commercial grades of glass/PTFE fabrics were autoclaved to prepare...

article

Power law scaling relationships link canopy structural complexity and height across forest types

Jeff W. Atkins, Jonathan A. Walter, Atticus E. L. Stovall, Robert T. Fahey, more

Functional Ecology > 36 > 3 > 713 - 726

Forest canopy structural complexity (CSC), an emergent ecosystem property, plays a critical role in controlling ecosystem productivity, resource acquisition and resource use‐efficiency; yet is poorly characterized across broad geographic scales and is difficult to upscale from the plot to the landscape. Here, we show that the relationship between canopy height and CSC can be explained using power...

article

Generalized Pareto Curves: Theory and Applications

Thomas Blanchet, Juliette Fournier, Thomas Piketty

Review of Income and Wealth > 68 > 1 > 263 - 288

We define generalized Pareto curves as the curve of inverted Pareto coefficients b(p), where b(p) is the ratio between average income above rank p and the p‐th quantile Q(p) (i.e.,

b (p) = E [X | X > Q (p)] / Q (p)

). We use them to characterize income distributions. We develop a method to flexibly recover a continuous distribution based on tabulated income data as is generally available from tax authorities,...

article

Quasi‐Newtonian Approach determination of velocity profile for the fully developed axial power law fluid flow in concentric annuli

Teymuraz Abbasov, Hatice Bilgili, Ayşe Sarımeşeli Paçacı

Asia‐Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering > 16 > 6 > n/a - n/a

The Quasi‐Newtonian Approach has been developed for the closed‐form analytical solution of isothermic, inelastic, and steady‐state fully developed axial power law fluid flow in a concentric annuli. This approach is developed to eliminate the need to solve the two flow regions separately in the rheological flow problems. Using the approximate definition shear deformation distribution of power law rheological...

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Search results

Modeling the Training Effect in Exchange‐Biased Bilayers for Large Numbers of Magnetization Reversal Cycles

What can supraspecies richness tell us?

Morphometric properties, scaling laws and hydrologic response of the Greater Paris combined sewer system

Mathematical study and simulation on stenosed carotid arteries with the help of a two‐phase blood flow model

Clustering and percolation on superpositions of Bernoulli random graphs

From Pareto to Weibull – A Constructive Review of Distributions on ℝ⁺

A discrete truncated Zipf distribution

Correlation between Acoustic Emission and Stress Evolution during Single Twin Boundary Motion in Ni–Mn–Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Single Crystal

Forest disturbance and growth processes are reflected in the geographical distribution of large canopy gaps across the Brazilian Amazon

Capital and Labor Income Pareto Exponents Across Time and Space

Seeing shapes in clouds: the fallacy of deriving ecological hypotheses from statistical distributions

Improvements in the estimation of b value: Limits of the power law

Determination of Pareto Exponents in Economic Models Driven by Markov Multiplicative Processes

The stress analysis effect on structural health monitoring in functionally graded shell

Thermally Induced Flexural Vibration Problem of Inhomogeneous Rectangular Plates: When Temperature Change at the Bottom Surface Is Kept at Zero

Power law in COVID‐19 cases in China

Effect of weave pattern on high strain rate performance of glass/polytetrafluoroethylene composites

Power law scaling relationships link canopy structural complexity and height across forest types

Generalized Pareto Curves: Theory and Applications

Quasi‐Newtonian Approach determination of velocity profile for the fully developed axial power law fluid flow in concentric annuli

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