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Items from 1 to 20 out of 737 results

article

State effectiveness, property rights and entrepreneurial behaviour as determinants of National Innovation

Alvina Sabah Idrees, Saima Sarwar

Australian Economic Papers > 60 > 3 > 392 - 423

This article examines the role of entrepreneurial behaviour, property rights and state effectiveness as determinants of national innovation. Entrepreneurial behaviour reflects not only risk‐bearing and risk‐sharing attitudes but also the capacity to undertake innovation activities. Besides, institutions also play an important role in formalising entrepreneurial behaviour that is crucial for a country's...

article

Technological change and wage premiums: Historical evidence from linked employer–employee data

Sanna-Mari Hynninen, Jari Ojala, Jaakko Pehkonen, S.M. Hynninen, more

Labour Economics > 2013 > 24 > Complete > 1-11

This study analyses the impacts of a technological change (the steam engine) on wage premiums. Using historical employer–employee panel data, we found that steam technology had both new skill-demanding and skill-replacing aspects. The former manifested itself as an increase in the demand for high-skilled engineers, the latter in a decline in the demand for intermediate-skilled, able-bodied seamen...

article

Introduction to the special issue “Productivity revolutions: Past and future”

Nuno Palma

The Manchester School > 92 > 6 > 613 - 614

We may be living at the dawn of a productivity revolution era brought about by modern science and technological improvements. The six research papers published in this special issue of The Manchester School, titled “Productivity Revolutions: Past and Future,” provide us with lessons on how economies and societies have dealt with the challenges posed by such revolutions.

article

Canadian inequality over the last 40 years: common and contrary variations on universal themes

Kelly Foley, David A. Green, W. Craig Riddell

Fiscal Studies > 45 > 2 > 119 - 130

The Gini coefficient for disposable income for Canada in 2019 was approximately the same level it was at in 1995. Underlying this flat recent long‐term pattern is an increase in the level of market earnings inequality in the 1980s and 1990s that Canada shared with other countries followed by a continuing period of flatness in that measure as well. This trend interacted with changes in policy that...

article

Skills and employment transitions in Brazil

Willian ADAMCZYK, Philipp EHRL, Leonardo MONASTERIO

International Labour Review > 163 > 2 > 199 - 224

This article introduces two methods to derive internationally comparable skill and occupational distance measures based on machine learning and natural language processing techniques. We apply these measures to produce descriptive facts about employment transitions and workers’ wage distribution in Brazil using all formal labour contracts registered in the period 2003‐18. Our findings indicate that...

article

Walras–Bowley Lecture: Market Power and Wage Inequality

Shubhdeep Deb, Jan Eeckhout, Aseem Patel, Lawrence Warren

Econometrica > 92 > 3 > 603 - 636

We propose a theory of how market power affects wage inequality. We ask how goods and labor market power jointly determine the level of wages, the skill premium, and wage inequality. We then use detailed microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau between 1997 and 2016 to estimate the parameters of labor supply, technology, and the market structure. We find that a less competitive market structure lowers...

article

Does the internet bring food prices closer together? Exploring search engine query data in Iran

Omid Zamani, Thomas Bittmann, Jens‐Peter Loy

Journal of Agricultural Economics > 75 > 2 > 688 - 715

Modern communication technologies make information more easily and quickly accessible, leading to more transparent and competitive markets. Based on a theoretical model, this paper provides new empirical evidence on the potential impact of online search intensity on asymmetric cost pass‐through. Prices often move as ‘rockets and feathers’: they rise quickly in response to cost increases and they fall...

article

Automation, global value chains and functional specialization

Lionel Fontagné, Ariell Reshef, Gianluca Santoni, Giulio Vannelli

Review of International Economics > 32 > 2 > 662 - 691

We study how technology adoption and changes in global value chain (GVC) integration jointly affect labor shares and business function specialization in a sample of 14 manufacturing industries in 14 European countries in 1999–2011. Increases in upstream, forward GVC integration directly reduce labor shares, mostly through reductions in fabrication, but also via other business functions. We do not...

article

The Effect of Labor's Bargaining Power on Wealth Inequality in the UK, USA, And France

Ben Tippet, Özlem Onaran, Rafael Wildauer

Review of Income and Wealth > 70 > 1 > 102 - 128

This paper analyses the determinants of wealth inequality, measured as the share of wealth owned by the top 1 percent wealthiest individuals. We find that labor's bargaining power is a significant and important determinant of top wealth shares. Using a semi‐structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model for the period 1970–2019, we estimate that shocks to labor's bargaining power explain 32 percent,...

article

Technological transformation in journalism: Journalists’ techno-cultural experiences from actor-network perspective

Gülseren Şendur Atabek

Studia Medioznawcze > 2023 > 1 > 35-47

Objective: Technological transformations have profoundly changed the journalism professions. These transformational processes have been experienced by journalists in a techno-cultural environment where their personal and collective memories were shaped. This study employs oral history as the data collection technique in order to explore the details of this techno-cultural change from the actor-network...

article

‘The Machine Takes Our Jobs Away’: The problem of technological unemployment in the work of Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn

Emy Kim, Mark Solovey

Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences > 59 > 4 > 363 - 379

This paper examines the Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn's (1886–1959) views about technological unemployment, which were intimately connected to his analysis of the social impacts of technological developments and resulting social problems due to cultural lag. We trace the development of his views as seen through his well‐known 1922 book, Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature...

article

Tracking the changing discourse on development in the International Labour Review

Jayati GHOSH, Uma RANI

International Labour Review > 160 > 4 > e78 - e91

The introduction to this Centenary Issue presents the discourse of development as reflected in a number of articles published in the International Labour Review (ILR) between 1971 and 2020. The 13 articles selected for inclusion in this issue provide various perspectives on development at different points in time, focusing on income, structural transformation, improvement of the lives of people through...

article

One of many roads to industry 4.0? Technology, policy, organisational adaptation and worker experience in ‘Third Italy’ SMEs

Barbara Da Roit, Francesco E. Iannuzzi

New Technology, Work and Employment > 38 > 2 > 252 - 271

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is a technological framework and policy programme that emerged in Germany in the 2010s, promising to revitalise manufacturing and revalue work by means of intelligent productive systems. The paradigm's cross‐national diffusion raises questions about its context‐dependent adaptation. This article focuses on the Italian I4.0 programme and its implementation among medium‐sized manufacturing...

article

“Restrict foreigners, not robots”: Partisan responses to automation threat

Nicole Wu

Economics & Politics > 35 > 2 > 505 - 528

Recent scholarship on technological change highlights its negative impacts on employment and wages. However, a decade of nationally representative surveys show that Americans hold favorable views toward technology despite concerns over labor displacement. How do people cope with employment threats from a trend they consider desirable? Using a survey experiment, this paper argues that people opt to...

article

Entrepreneurship: Definitions, opportunities, challenges, and future directions

Vanessa Ratten

Global Business and Organizational Excellence > 42 > 5 > 79 - 90

Entrepreneurship as a field of study has many sub‐dimensions due to its usefulness in society, which makes it difficult to gain a holistic understanding of its key elements. The aim of this article is to explore how to define entrepreneurship by focusing on different areas of entrepreneurship in terms of definitions and research opportunities in order to challenge conventional practices. Each area...

article

Kalecki meets Schumpeter: The decline of competition in a demand‐led dynamic model

Ana Bottega, Rafael S. M. Ribeiro

Metroeconomica > 74 > 3 > 584 - 605

This paper contributes to the post‐Keynesian literature by building a macrodynamic Kaleckian model that incorporates recent evidence on market concentration and its relationship with capital accumulation and income distribution using Schumpeterian insights. This is done in two steps. First, we model a two‐dimensional system that sets the dynamics between the wage share and the capital‐effective labor...

article

Human capital, innovation, and growth

Clas Eriksson, Johan Lindén, Christos Papahristodoulou

International Journal of Economic Theory > 19 > 2 > 343 - 369

This paper explores the interaction between human capital and innovation in the process of economic growth. Using a model of endogenous growth, we focus on how taxes and other policy instruments affect the incentives to invest in human capital. In contrast to many other growth models we find that the taxation of human capital has a substantial negative effect on its accumulation. This in turn reduces...

article

Short supply chain, technical efficiency, and technological change: Insights from cucumber production

Xiaoheng Zhang, Wanglin Ma, Puneet Vatsa, Shijie Jiang

Agribusiness > 39 > 2 > 371 - 386

This study examines the impact of participation in short supply chains (SSCs) on technical efficiency (TE) and technological change (TC) in cucumber production in China, using data for the period 2011–2016. The meta‐frontier model and the two‐stage residual inclusion approach are utilized to examine the association between SSC participation, comparable TE, and TC. Accounting for selection bias, we...

article

Digital Literacy and Awareness of User Location Privacy: What People in Turkey Know About Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports?

İlknur Nina Paslanmaz Uluğ, Cem Sefa Sütcü

Studia i Analizy Nauk o Polityce > 2023 > 1 > 83-120

At the outbreak of the COVID-19, governments, health organizations and large technology companies were not prepared for the measures to be taken against the disease. Contact tracking was widely carried out using location data to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with the use of technological tools, especially smartphones. In this epidemic, economic difficulties also emerged due to the lockdown imposed...

article

Changing the channel: Digitization and the rise of “middle tail” strategies

Mary J. Benner, Joel Waldfogel

Strategic Management Journal > 44 > 1 > 264 - 287

Research Summary Prior research has studied whether digitization shifts demand away from mass‐appeal blockbusters toward a “long tail” of existing products. We extend this work by studying whether digitization influences the products created. Using unique data on movies, we examine whether the reduced costs of production and new digital distribution channels spur producers to create products aimed...

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Search results

State effectiveness, property rights and entrepreneurial behaviour as determinants of National Innovation

Technological change and wage premiums: Historical evidence from linked employer–employee data

Introduction to the special issue “Productivity revolutions: Past and future”

Canadian inequality over the last 40 years: common and contrary variations on universal themes

Skills and employment transitions in Brazil

Walras–Bowley Lecture: Market Power and Wage Inequality

Does the internet bring food prices closer together? Exploring search engine query data in Iran

Automation, global value chains and functional specialization

The Effect of Labor's Bargaining Power on Wealth Inequality in the UK, USA, And France

Technological transformation in journalism: Journalists’ techno-cultural experiences from actor-network perspective

‘The Machine Takes Our Jobs Away’: The problem of technological unemployment in the work of Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn

Tracking the changing discourse on development in the International Labour Review

One of many roads to industry 4.0? Technology, policy, organisational adaptation and worker experience in ‘Third Italy’ SMEs

“Restrict foreigners, not robots”: Partisan responses to automation threat

Entrepreneurship: Definitions, opportunities, challenges, and future directions

Kalecki meets Schumpeter: The decline of competition in a demand‐led dynamic model

Human capital, innovation, and growth

Short supply chain, technical efficiency, and technological change: Insights from cucumber production

Digital Literacy and Awareness of User Location Privacy: What People in Turkey Know About Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports?

Changing the channel: Digitization and the rise of “middle tail” strategies

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