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Authority and ethics: A case for estrangement in educational research and research education

Paul Dowling, Natasha Whiteman

British Educational Research Journal > 46 > 4 > 770 - 785

This article focuses attention on an underexamined issue in the literature on educational research ethics: how ethical authority is established in educational research. We address this from a perspective that disrupts naturalised approaches to ethics, arguing that rather than seeking ‘rights’ or ‘wrongs’, researchers are always tasked with constructing ethical stances. Attention can then be placed...

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KRITIKA INTUICIONISMU A HUEMERŮV POKUS O JEHO REVIZI

Petra Chudárková

Filozofia (Philosophy) > 2020 > 75 > 9 > 776 – 792

Intuitionism had been one of the most prominent ethical approaches over two hundred years, especially on the British Isles. In the first third of the 20th century it started losing its power; however, in the last few years several philosophers have been trying to renew this approach, which has made it one of the most discussed topics of contemporary meta-ethics. Intuitionism is a foundationalist approach...

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O skepticismu a filosofii u Davida Huma:

Hynek Janoušek

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal) > 2020 > 68 > 4 > 623-633

Text studie analyzuje knihu Zuzany Parsunikové David Hume, Sceptic, jež klade filosofii Davida Huma do rozporu mezi radikální skepsí plynoucí z reflexe lidského poznání a přirozenou vírou, jejíž genezi nedokáží skeptické pochybnosti narušit. Hume přijímá radikální skepsi i meze, které stanovuje lidskému rozumu. Praktikovatelná filosofie se však musí podřídit víře ve společný svět a prospěšně zkoumat...

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What can debunking do for us (sceptics and nihilists)?

Jonas Olson

Ratio > 32 > 4 > 290 - 299

Debunking arguments in metaethics are often presented as particularly challenging for non‐naturalistic versions of moral realism. The first aim of this paper is to explore and defend a response on behalf of non‐naturalism. The second aim of the paper is to argue that although non‐naturalism’s response is satisfactory, this does not mean that debunking arguments are metaethically uninteresting. They...

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O METAJAZYKOVOM ODMIETNUTÍ ZLOMYSEĽNÉHO KLAMÁRA

Tomáš Čana

Filozofia (Philosophy) > 2019 > 74 > 4 > 291 – 307

The main aim of the paper is to reconstruct Wittgenstein's criticism of the possibility of holding the sceptical position we traditionally call Cartesian doubt. According to Wittgenstein, the concept of this position is unintelligent because of the specific way language works. In any system of linguistic signs, there is a constitutive – unique – connection between what competent users take to be unassailable...

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WHAT DOES THE PREMISE “A DECEIVER DECEIVES ME” CONCLUDE? －DESCARTES’ DECEIVER ARGUMENT RECONSIDERED

Ayumu Tamura

Filozofia (Philosophy) > 2019 > 74 > 4 > 308 – 317

Descartes insists, “[...] there is a deceiver of supreme power and cunning who is deliberately and constantly deceiving me. In that case I too undoubtedly exist, if he is deceiving me [...]” (AT-VII, 25; CSM-II, 17). In what way can we draw evidence that our existence can be drawn from our being deceived? The interpretations that the earlier studies have shown are not a monolith. Then I will search...

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Knowledge of Language and a Radical Scepticism

Tomáš Čanal

Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne > 2019 > 7/2 > 265-281

According to Descartes, it is possible to doubt successfully that there is external world, all around us, yet still to have language, in place, without any complication. According to Wittgenstein, to doubt everything about the external world except language means nothing more than to doubt everything about the external world including language. Why? No speaker is more certain about the meaning of...

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FREEDOM, POWER AND CAUSATION

Thomas Pink

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu > 2019 > 26 > 1 > 141 – 168

Freedom or control of how we act is often and very naturally under-stood as a kind of power—a power to determine for ourselves how we act. Is freedom conceived as such a power possible, and what kind of power must it be? The paper argues that power takes many forms, of which ordinary causation is only one; and that if freedom is indeed a kind of power, it cannot be ordinary causation. Scepticism about...

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Założenia ontologiczne i epistemologiczne sceptycyzmu Montaigne’a

Marek Sołtysiak

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia > 2019 > 14 > 4 > 69 - 87

Montaigne is widely regarded as one of the most significant sceptics of the 16th century. His most important work, Essays, had a great impact on the thinkers of the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular on the philosophy of Descartes. The article presents Montaigne’s critique of senses and reason as sources of human knowledge. The elements of his scepticism that went beyond the sceptic arguments...

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„Hardzi miedzy prostaki, że nic nie umiemy”. Kochanowski w pułapce sceptycyzmu

Jacek Sokolski

Pamiętnik Literacki > 2018 > 109 > 4 > 87-95

Przedmiotem artykułu jest szczegółowa analiza drugiej części "Trenu XI" Jana Kochanowskiego. Wbrew powszechnie dotąd akceptowanym twierdzeniom dawniejszych badaczy poeta nie kpi tutaj bynajmniej z pychy ludzi, którzy uparcie usiłują wspinać się do nieba i podglądać tajemnice Stwórcy, lecz przeciwnie – za przejaw pychy uważa postawę starożytnych sceptyków nawiązujących do przypisywanego Sokratesowi...

article

Error and the Limits of Quasi-Realism

Graham Bex-Priestley

Ethical Theory and Moral Practice > 2018 > 21 > 5 > 1051-1063

If ethical expressivism is true, then moral judgements are motivational desire-like states and do not robustly represent reality. This gives rise to the problem of how to understand moral error. How can we be mistaken if there is no moral reality to be mistaken about? The standard expressivist explanation of moral doubt is couched in terms of our fear that our judgements may not survive improvements...

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Object reidentification and the epistemic role of attention

Nilanjan Das

Ratio > 31 > 4 > 402 - 414

Reidentification scepticism is the view that we cannot knowledgeably reidentify previously perceived objects. Amongst classical Indian philosophers, the Buddhists argued for reidentification scepticism. In this essay, I will discuss two responses to this Buddhist argument. The first response, defended by Vācaspati Miśra (9th century CE), is that our outer senses allow us to knowledgeably reidentify...

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Semantic self-knowledge and the vat argument

Joshua Rowan Thorpe

Philosophical Studies > 2019 > 176 > 9 > 2289-2306

Putnam’s vat argument is intended to show that I am not a permanently envatted brain. The argument holds promise as a response to vat scepticism, which depends on the claim that I do not know that I am not a permanently envatted brain. However, there is a widespread idea that the vat argument cannot fulfil this promise, because to employ the argument as a response to vat scepticism I would have to...

article

Hans Wagner jako neoneokantysta

Alicja Pietras

Folia Philosophica > 2018 > 39

Celem artykułu jest krótkie przedstawienie filozofii Hansa Wagnera (1917-2000) jako należącej do ostatniej fazy rozwoju tradycji niemieckiej filozofii transcendentalnej. Filozofia Wagnera przedstawiona zostaje jako próba syntezy wcześniejszych stanowisk rozwiniętych na gruncie tej tradycji, a mianowicie jako synteza: (a) neokantyzmu z postneokantyzmem, (b) filozofii Kanta z filozofią Hegla, (c) transcendentalizmu...

article

Elements of Greek Scepticism in Richard Feynman’s Views on Science

Bogdan Dembiński

Folia Philosophica > 2015 > 34

The article considers some aspects of Richard Feynman’s philosophy of science. The basic assumptions of Feynman’s views on science refer back to the tradition of Greek scepticism. Interestingly, Feynman was probably unaware of this relation, still he became an outstanding modern continuator of this tradition. The analysis is based on Feynman’s lectures included in The Character of Physical Law.

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Zerfall und Erinnerung: narrative Gestaltungen historischer Traumata in der österreichischen Literatur

Magdolna Orosz

Neohelicon > 2018 > 45 > 1 > 97-111

The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy after World War I produced several forms of litarary treatments of this “finis Austriae” by most of the authors of “Vienna Modernism,” e.g. by Arthur Schnitzler and Leo Perutz. Their texts will be analysed under the aspect of the narrative presentation of the historical trauma of the end of Habsburg Monarchy. Both authors outline a structure of “before”...

article

The World, the Other and I: Solipsistic Poems of Kunjunni

C. A. Tomy

Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research > 2018 > 35 > 3 > 557-570

The Malayalam poet, Kunjunni, is known for his short and simple poems. Some of his poems are filled with rich philosophical insights, and a few such poems are gathered in this paper with a view to unravel the philosophical view point embedded in them. By explicating the poet’s views about space, time, the world and the other, the paper contends that the philosophical vision that unfolds in these poems...

article

World‐Pictures and Wittgensteinian Certainty

Hiroshi Ohtani

Metaphilosophy > 49 > 1-2 > 115 - 136

Although certainty is a fundamental notion in epistemology, it is less studied in contemporary analytic epistemology than other important notions such as knowledge or justification. This paper focuses on Wittgensteinian certainty, according to which the very basic dimension of our epistemic practices, the elements of our world‐pictures, are objectively certain, in that we cannot legitimately doubt...

article

Hume on the social construction of mathematical knowledge

Tamás Demeter

Synthese > 2019 > 196 > 9 > 3615-3631

Mathematics for Hume is the exemplary field of demonstrative knowledge. Ideally, this knowledge is a priori as it arises only from the comparison of ideas without any further empirical input; it is certain because demonstration consist of steps that are intuitively evident and infallible; and it is also necessary because the possibility of its falsity is inconceivable as it would imply a contradiction...

article

Radical interpretation, scepticism, and the possibility of shared error

Joshua Rowan Thorpe

Synthese > 2019 > 196 > 8 > 3355-3368

Davidson argues that his version of interpretivism entails that sceptical scenarios are impossible, thus offering a response to any sceptical argument that depends upon the possibility of sceptical scenarios. It has been objected that Davidson’s interpretivism does not entail the impossibility of sceptical scenarios due to the possibility that interpreter and speaker are in a shared state of massive...

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Authority and ethics: A case for estrangement in educational research and research education

KRITIKA INTUICIONISMU A HUEMERŮV POKUS O JEHO REVIZI

O skepticismu a filosofii u Davida Huma:

What can debunking do for us (sceptics and nihilists)?

O METAJAZYKOVOM ODMIETNUTÍ ZLOMYSEĽNÉHO KLAMÁRA

WHAT DOES THE PREMISE “A DECEIVER DECEIVES ME” CONCLUDE? －DESCARTES’ DECEIVER ARGUMENT RECONSIDERED

Knowledge of Language and a Radical Scepticism

FREEDOM, POWER AND CAUSATION

Założenia ontologiczne i epistemologiczne sceptycyzmu Montaigne’a

„Hardzi miedzy prostaki, że nic nie umiemy”. Kochanowski w pułapce sceptycyzmu

Error and the Limits of Quasi-Realism

Object reidentification and the epistemic role of attention

Semantic self-knowledge and the vat argument

Hans Wagner jako neoneokantysta

Elements of Greek Scepticism in Richard Feynman’s Views on Science

Zerfall und Erinnerung: narrative Gestaltungen historischer Traumata in der österreichischen Literatur

The World, the Other and I: Solipsistic Poems of Kunjunni

World‐Pictures and Wittgensteinian Certainty

Hume on the social construction of mathematical knowledge

Radical interpretation, scepticism, and the possibility of shared error

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