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article

Upregulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus-prefrontal cortex serotonin system by chronic treatment with escitalopram in hyposerotonergic Wistar-Kyoto rats

Makiko Yamada, Yukie Kawahara, Fumi Kaneko, Yuki Kishikawa, more

Neuropharmacology > 2013 > 72 > Complete > 169-178

Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats are sensitive to chronic stressors and exhibit depression-like behavior. Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) comprise the important neurocircuitry underlying the pathophysiology of depression. To evaluate the DRN-PFC 5-HT system in WKY rats, we examined the effects of escitalopram (ESCIT) on the extracellular 5-HT level...

article

Development of a vesicular system for effective ocular delivery of acetazolamide A comprehensive approach and successful venture

I.P. Kaur, A.K. Mitra, D. Aggarwal, I.P. Kaur, more

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology > 2007 > 17 > 1 > 33-41

Acetazolamide (ACZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), is a commonly used agent administered orally for the treatment of glaucoma, but many patients cannot tolerate long-term treatment with ACZ because of its systemic side effects. Development of a topically effective formulation of ACZ has not been possible because of its unfavorable partition coefficient, solubility, permeability coefficient,...

article

Neuroadaptive changes in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system after chronic nicotine self-administration: A microdialysis study

S. Rahman, J. Zhang, E.A. Engleman, W.A. Corrigall

Neuroscience > 2004 > 129 > 2 > 415-424

There is little evidence to date to indicate if mesoaccumbens dopamine function at the neurochemical level is altered during early abstinence from chronic i.v. nicotine self-administration. Thus, a quantitative microdialysis (no-net-flux) approach was used to measure basal extracellular concentrations and extraction fractions of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (ACB) of rats that self-administered...

article

Halothane attenuated haloperidol and enhanced clozapine-induced dopamine release in the rat striatum

Yushi U. Adachi, Yoshihiko Aramaki, Maiko Satomoto, Hideyuki Higuchi, more

Neurochemistry International > 2003 > 43 > 2 > 113-119

The effect of halothane anesthesia on changes in the extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA)) induced by neuroleptics was studied using in vivo microdialysis techniques. Halothane attenuated haloperidol-induced dopamine release and enhanced clozapine-induced dopamine release in...

article

Rifampicin does not reduce moxifloxacin concentrations at the site of infection and may not improve treatment outcome of a one‐stage exchange surgery protocol of implant‐associated osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model

Sofus Vittrup, Louise Kruse Jensen, Katrine Top Hartmann, Bent Aalbæk, more

APMIS > 132 > 3 > 198 - 209

We aimed to evaluate moxifloxacin steady‐state concentrations in infected bone and soft tissue and to explore the additive microbiological and pathological treatment effect of rifampicin to standard moxifloxacin treatment of implant‐associated osteomyelitis (IAO). 16 pigs were included. On Day 0, IAO was induced in the proximal tibia using a susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain. On Day 7, the...

article

Changes in serotonin neurotransmission as assayed by microdialysis after acute, intermittent or chronic ethanol administration and withdrawal

Abdelkader Dahchour, Roberta J. Ward

Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology > 38 > 1 > 42 - 59

Background The serotonergic neurotransmitter system is involved in many ethanol‐induced changes, including many behavioural alterations, as well as contributing to alcohol dependence and its withdrawal. Aims This review has evaluated microdialysis studies where alterations in the serotonin system, that is, serotonin, 5‐HT, or its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5‐HIAA, have been reported...

article

Comparative pharmacokinetics of four bioactive components in normal and chronic heart failure rats after oral administration of Qiangxin Lishui Prescription by microdialysis combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography

Qin Wang, Yong Jiang, Nina Wei, Jindong Li, more

Journal of Separation Science > 46 > 24 > n/a - n/a

Qiangxin Lishui Prescription (QLP) has been clinically applied for treating heart failure with remarkable curative effects. A multi‐component pharmacokinetic research is very necessary for determining active substances in it. This study aims to profile the traits and differences in the pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid B, astragaloside IV, calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside and kaempferol in QLP between...

article

How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches

Yann S. Mineur, Marina R. Picciotto

Journal of Neurochemistry > 167 > 1 > 3 - 15

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a central role in the regulation of multiple cognitive and behavioral processes, including attention, learning, memory, motivation, anxiety, mood, appetite, and reward. As a result, understanding ACh dynamics in the brain is essential for elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying these processes. In vivo measurements of ACh in the brain have been challenging...

article

Techniques for in vivo serotonin detection in the brain: State of the art

Shuchang Zhao, Kiryl D. Piatkevich

Journal of Neurochemistry > 166 > 3 > 453 - 480

Neuronal circuits in the brain that utilize the neurotransmitter serotonin are essential to the regulation of mood and emotional expression. Disruptions in serotonin signaling underlie neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate serotonergic signaling in the brain in healthy and diseased states remain to be better understood. In particular,...

article

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in chicken joints based on a novel microdialysis sampling method

Nan Zhang, Xiu Yan, Jinxin Liu, Shuzhen Zhou, more

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics > 46 > 4 > 257 - 263

Microdialysis is a continuous direct sampling technique used in live animals to study pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of drugs directly in target organs. The antibiotic tilmicosin used to treat arthritis in chickens caused by Mycoplasma synoviae. However, the PK study of tilmicosin in chicken joint has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the PK characteristics and penetration...

article

Evaluation of cefuroxime concentration in the intrathecal and extrathecal compartments of the lumbar spine—an experimental study in pigs

Alexander Emil Kaspersen, Pelle Hanberg, Magnus A. Hvistendahl, Mats Bue, more

British Journal of Pharmacology > 180 > 14 > 1832 - 1842

Background and Purpose Optimal antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial to prevent postoperative infection in spinal surgery. Sufficient time above the minimal inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC) for relevant bacteria in target tissues is required for cefuroxime. We assessed cefuroxime concentrations and fT > MIC of 4 μg·ml⁻¹ for Staphylococcus aureus in the intrathecal (spinal cord and cerebrospinal...

article

Oxytocin receptors mediate oxytocin potentiation of methylphenidate‐induced stimulation of accumbens dopamine in rats

Melinda Hersey, Amanda K. Bacon, Lydia G. Bailey, Mary R. Lee, more

Journal of Neurochemistry > 164 > 5 > 613 - 623

While the illicit use and misuse of stimulants like cocaine and methylphenidate (MP) has increased, there remains no FDA‐approved treatments for psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). Oxytocin (OT) has shown promise as a potential pharmacotherapy for PSUD. Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission plays a significant role in PSUD. We have recently shown that OT blunts the reinforcing effects of MP but, surprisingly,...

article

Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides

Ashley Phetsanthad, Nhu Q. Vu, Qing Yu, Amanda R. Buchberger, more

Mass Spectrometry Reviews > 42 > 2 > 706 - 750

Due to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism...

article

Fast determination of free metronidazole in rat plasma and peritoneal fluid using HPLC‐UV method

Michele Vaz Anjos, Larissa Bergoza, Gisele Fonseca, Eduarda Possa, more

Biomedical Chromatography > 37 > 2 > n/a - n/a

Peritonitis refers to the inflammatory reaction of the peritoneum to aggression. In addition, it contributes significantly to sepsis. The presence of free concentrations of antimicrobials above the minimum inhibitory concentration at the site of infection is critical to therapeutic response. Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial used to treat peritonitis because of its effectiveness against anaerobic...

article

Development of a UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of active ingredients of Shuang Hu in rat blood and its application in pharmacokinetics

Xin Rui Jiang, Meng Ying Lei, Liu Xin Qin, Yan Lin Zhou, more

Biomedical Chromatography > 37 > 2 > n/a - n/a

A simple and sensitive method using in vivo microdialysis coupled with UPLC–MS/MS was established to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Shuang Hu tincture (SHZTN). Xevo TQ‐S was used to analyze the active ingredients of mesaconitine, hypaconitine, 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid and N‐(2, 3‐dimethyl phenyl)‐2‐ aminobenzoic acid of SHZTN. Samples were prepared using a methanol precipitation method...

article

Development and validation of an LC–ESI–QTOF–MS method to measure cefepime in the plasma and peritoneal fluid of rats using microdialysis: Application in a pilot pharmacokinetic study

Michele Vaz Anjos, Eduarda Possa, Gisele Silva Fonseca, Larissa Bergoza, more

Biomedical Chromatography > 36 > 11 > n/a - n/a

Cefepime (CEF) is a cephalosporin and can be administered in secondary peritonitis together with metronidazole to treat sepsis. This study aimed to develop and validate an LC–ESI–QTOF–MS method for the quantification of cefepime in the plasma and peritoneal microdialysate of healthy Wistar rats. Chromatographic separation was performed using a CLC‐ODS C₁₈ column (250 × 4.6 mm), a C₁₈ pre‐column (4 mm,...

article

Rovatirelin ameliorates motor dysfunction in the cytosine arabinoside‐induced rat model of spinocerebellar degeneration via acetylcholine and dopamine neurotransmission

Tomoyuki Ijiro, Atsushi Yaguchi, Ayaka Yokoyama, Sumiyoshi Kiguchi

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology > 49 > 9 > 950 - 958

Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) and the TRH mimetic taltirelin have been used in Japan for the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), a type of progressive ataxia. A TRH mimetic, rovatirelin, ameliorates ataxia symptoms in the rolling mouse Nagoya, a hereditary SCD model. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of oral administration of rovatirelin on a cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C)‐induced...

article

Creatine supplementation reduces the cerebral oxidative and metabolic stress responses to acute in utero hypoxia in the late‐gestation fetal sheep

Nhi Thao Tran, Greg M. Kowalski, Anna M. Muccini, Ilias Nitsos, more

The Journal of Physiology > 600 > 13 > 3193 - 3210

Abstract Prophylactic creatine treatment may reduce hypoxic brain injury due to its ability to sustain intracellular ATP levels thereby reducing oxidative and metabolic stress responses during oxygen deprivation. Using microdialysis, we investigated the real‐time in vivo effects of fetal creatine supplementation on cerebral metabolism following acute in utero hypoxia caused by umbilical cord occlusion...

article

Monitoring of amoxicilline and ceftazidime in the microdialysate of diabetic foot and serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

Petr Tůma, Martin Jaček, Blanka Sommerová, Pavel Dlouhý, more

ELECTROPHORESIS > 43 > 11 > 1129 - 1139

Determination of the broad‐spectrum antibiotics amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftazidime (CTZ) in blood serum and microdialysates of the subcutaneous tissue of the lower limbs is performed using CE with contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D). Baseline separation of AMX is achieved in 0.5 M acetic acid as the background electrolyte and separation of CTZ in 3.2 M acetic acid with addition of 13% v/v methanol...

article

The peripheral dopamine 2 receptor antagonist domperidone attenuates ethanol enhancement of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens

James Daniel Obray, Eun Young Jang, Anneke M. Klomp, Christina A. Small, more

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research > 46 > 3 > 396 - 409

Background Dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens have been implicated in reward learning. Ethanol is known to increase both dopamine neuron firing in the VTA and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Despite this, some discrepancies exist between the dose of ethanol required to enhance firing in vivo and ex vivo. In the present...

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Search results

Upregulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus-prefrontal cortex serotonin system by chronic treatment with escitalopram in hyposerotonergic Wistar-Kyoto rats

Development of a vesicular system for effective ocular delivery of acetazolamide A comprehensive approach and successful venture

Neuroadaptive changes in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system after chronic nicotine self-administration: A microdialysis study

Halothane attenuated haloperidol and enhanced clozapine-induced dopamine release in the rat striatum

Rifampicin does not reduce moxifloxacin concentrations at the site of infection and may not improve treatment outcome of a one‐stage exchange surgery protocol of implant‐associated osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model

Changes in serotonin neurotransmission as assayed by microdialysis after acute, intermittent or chronic ethanol administration and withdrawal

Comparative pharmacokinetics of four bioactive components in normal and chronic heart failure rats after oral administration of Qiangxin Lishui Prescription by microdialysis combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography

How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches

Techniques for in vivo serotonin detection in the brain: State of the art

Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in chicken joints based on a novel microdialysis sampling method

Evaluation of cefuroxime concentration in the intrathecal and extrathecal compartments of the lumbar spine—an experimental study in pigs

Oxytocin receptors mediate oxytocin potentiation of methylphenidate‐induced stimulation of accumbens dopamine in rats

Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides

Fast determination of free metronidazole in rat plasma and peritoneal fluid using HPLC‐UV method

Development of a UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of active ingredients of Shuang Hu in rat blood and its application in pharmacokinetics

Development and validation of an LC–ESI–QTOF–MS method to measure cefepime in the plasma and peritoneal fluid of rats using microdialysis: Application in a pilot pharmacokinetic study

Rovatirelin ameliorates motor dysfunction in the cytosine arabinoside‐induced rat model of spinocerebellar degeneration via acetylcholine and dopamine neurotransmission

Creatine supplementation reduces the cerebral oxidative and metabolic stress responses to acute in utero hypoxia in the late‐gestation fetal sheep

Monitoring of amoxicilline and ceftazidime in the microdialysate of diabetic foot and serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection

The peripheral dopamine 2 receptor antagonist domperidone attenuates ethanol enhancement of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens

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