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article

Inhibition of endogenous protease activity and protection of histomorphical integrity during refrigerated storage of grass carp fillets by treatment with natural edible di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids

Lihong Ge, Yuli Huang, Qian Ma, Yu Wang, more

International Journal of Food Science & Technology > 57 > 4 > 2384 - 2392

In this study, by dipping grass carp fillets with 10 mM di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acid solutions individually before storage at 4 °C for 10 days, the application potential of these acids in mitigating softening of fish was investigated through analysing shear force, pH, endogenous cathepsin activities, myofibrillar proteolysis and histomorphological characteristics. The results suggested that maleic...

article

The KNRL nuclear receptor controls hydrolase‐mediated vitellin breakdown during embryogenesis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Kai Lu, Yi‐Bei Cheng, Yi‐Min Li, Wen‐Ru Li, more

Insect Science > 28 > 6 > 1633 - 1650

Vitellin (Vn) homeostasis is central to the fecundity of oviparous insects. Most studies have focused on the synthesis and transportation of Vn as a building block for developing eggs during vitellogenesis; however, less is known about how the utilization of this nutrient reserve affects embryonic development. Here, we show that the single ortholog of the knirps and knirps‐like nuclear receptors,...

article

Distinct antigen uptake receptors route to the same storage compartments for cross‐presentation in dendritic cells

Nataschja I. Ho, Marcel G. Camps, Juan J. Garcia‐Vallejo, Erik Bos, more

Immunology > 164 > 3 > 494 - 506

An exclusive feature of dendritic cells (DCs) is their capacity to present exogenous antigens by MHC class I molecules, called cross‐presentation. Here, we show that protein antigen can be conserved in mature murine DCs for several days in a lysosome‐like storage compartment, distinct from MHC class II and early endosomal compartments, as an internal source for the supply of MHC class I ligands. Using...

article

The lysosomal endopeptidases Cathepsin D and L are selective and effective proteases for the middle‐down characterization of antibodies

Tomislav Čaval, Elizabeth Sara Hecht, Wilfred Tang, Maelia Uy‐Gomez, more

The FEBS Journal > 288 > 18 > 5389 - 5405

Mass spectrometry is gaining momentum as a method of choice to de novo sequence antibodies (Abs). Adequate sequence coverage of the hypervariable regions remains one of the toughest identification challenges by either bottom‐up or top‐down workflows. Methods that efficiently generate mid‐size Ab fragments would further facilitate top‐down MS and decrease data complexity. Here, we explore the proteases...

article

Multiple sites on SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein are susceptible to proteolysis by cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V

Keval Bollavaram, Tiffanie H. Leeman, Maggie W. Lee, Akhil Kulkarni, more

Protein Science > 30 > 6 > 1131 - 1143

SARS‐CoV‐2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Proteases are central to the infection process of SARS‐CoV‐2. Cleavage of the spike protein on the virus's capsid causes the conformational change that leads to membrane fusion and viral entry into the target cell. Since inhibition of one protease, even the dominant protease like TMPRSS2, may not be sufficient to block SARS‐CoV‐2...

article

The effect of phytic acid on enzymatic degradation of dentin

Diletta Forgione, Mohannad Nassar, Roda Seseogullari‐Dirihan, Suppason Thitthaweerat, more

European Journal of Oral Sciences > 129 > 2 > n/a - n/a

We evaluated the effect of phytic acid on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐ or cysteine cathepsin (CC)‐mediated dentin degradation. Demineralized dentin beams were divided into five groups (n = 12) and treated with 1%, 2%, or 3% phytic acid or with 37% phosphoric acid. Untreated demineralized beams served as controls. After incubation for 1 or 3 wk, dry mass loss was determined and aliquots of incubation...

article

MiR-491-3p is down-regulated in postmenopausal osteoporosis and affects growth, differentiation and apoptosis of hFOB1.19 cells through targeting CTSS

W.-X. Hu, H. Li, J.-Z. Jiang

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica > 2020 > 58 > 1

article

Impairment of the autophagy system in repetitively UVA‐irradiated fibroblasts

Karin Endo, Yushi Katsuyama, Norihisa Taira, Masato Yoshioka, more

Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine > 36 > 2 > 111 - 117

Background Autophagy is known as an intracellular cleanup system necessary to maintain homeostasis of the skin. Many studies have pointed out the relationship between aging and the inactivation of autophagy function, which suggests that the inactivation of autophagy occurs in aged skin. However, the aging process of the skin is complicated compared with other organs, because the skin is localized...

article

Secreted cathepsin L-like peptidases are involved in the degradation of trapped antibodies on the surface of Echinostoma caproni

Alba Cortés, Libor Mikeš, Carla Muñoz-Antolí, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, more

Parasitology Research > 2019 > 118 > 12 > 3377-3386

Antibody trapping is a recently described strategy for immune evasion observed in the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni, which may aid to avoiding the host humoral response, thus facilitating parasite survival in the presence of high levels of local-specific antibodies. Parasite-derived peptidases carry out the degradation of trapped antibodies, being essential for this mechanism. Herein, we...

article

Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species‐dependent pexophagy in Arabidopsis leaves

Nieves Calero‐Muñoz, Marino Exposito‐Rodriguez, Aurelio M. Collado‐Arenal, María Rodríguez‐Serrano, more

Plant, Cell & Environment > 42 > 9 > 2696 - 2714

Cadmium treatment induces transient peroxisome proliferation in Arabidopsis leaves. To determine whether this process is regulated by pexophagy and to identify the mechanisms involved, we analysed time course‐dependent changes in ATG8, an autophagy marker, and the accumulation of peroxisomal marker PEX14a. After 3 hr of Cd exposure, the transcript levels of ATG8h, ATG8c, a, and i were slightly up‐regulated...

article

Chronic neurodegeneration induces type I interferon synthesis via STING, shaping microglial phenotype and accelerating disease progression

Arshed Nazmi, Robert H. Field, Eadaoin W. Griffin, Orla Haugh, more

Glia > 67 > 7 > 1254 - 1276

Type I interferons (IFN‐I) are the principal antiviral molecules of the innate immune system and can be made by most cell types, including central nervous system cells. IFN‐I has been implicated in neuroinflammation during neurodegeneration, but its mechanism of induction and its consequences remain unclear. In the current study, we assessed expression of IFN‐I in murine prion disease (ME7) and examined...

article

Full‐thickness rotator cuff tear in rat results in distinct temporal expression of multiple proteases in tendon, muscle, and cartilage

Elda A. Treviño, Jennifer McFaline‐Figueroa, Robert E. Guldberg, Manu O. Platt, more

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® > 37 > 2 > 490 - 502

The etiology of joint tissue degeneration following rotator cuff tear remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the timeline of protease activity in the soft tissues of the shoulder (tendon, muscle, and cartilage) that may lead to down‐stream degeneration following rotator cuff tear. A well‐established rat model involving suprascapular nerve denervation and supraspinatus/infraspinatus...

article

The structure and function of Iristatin, a novel immunosuppressive tick salivary cystatin

Jan Kotál, Natascha Stergiou, Michal Buša, Adéla Chlastáková, more

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences > 2019 > 76 > 10 > 2003-2013

To successfully feed, ticks inject pharmacoactive molecules into the vertebrate host including cystatin cysteine protease inhibitors. However, the molecular and cellular events modulated by tick saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we describe and characterize a novel immunomodulatory cystatin, Iristatin, which is upregulated in the salivary glands of feeding Ixodes ricinus ticks. We present the crystal...

article

Cinnamaldehyde regulates H₂O ₂‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy by ameliorating the proteolytic and antioxidant defense systems

Nirmaljeet Kaur, Prachi Gupta, Vikram Saini, Sandeep Sherawat, more

Journal of Cellular Physiology > 234 > 5 > 6194 - 6208

Skeletal muscle atrophy/wasting is associated with impaired protein metabolism in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbed redox status, and weakened antioxidant defense system are the major contributing factors toward atrophy. Regulation of protein metabolism by controlling ROS levels and its associated catabolic pathways...

article

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death

Fengjuan Wang, Raquel Gómez‐Sintes, Patricia Boya

Traffic > 19 > 12 > 918 - 931

Lysosomes are membrane‐enclosed organelles that mediate the intracellular degradation of macromolecules. They play an essential role in calcium regulation and have emerged as key signaling hubs in controlling the nutrient response. Maintaining lysosomal integrity and function is therefore crucial for cellular homeostasis. Different forms of stress can induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP),...

article

Ferroptosis is a lysosomal cell death process

Huan Gao, Yuansong Bai, Yuanyuan Jia, Yanan Zhao, more

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications > 2018 > 503 > 3 > 1550-1556

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death resulting from iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. While impaired ferroptosis is tightly linked to human diseases and conditions, the mechanism and regulation of ferroptosis remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that STAT3 is a positive regulator of ferroptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. Activation of the...

article

Early lysosomal maturation deficits in microglia triggers enhanced lysosomal activity in other brain cells of progranulin knockout mice

Julia K. Götzl, Alessio-Vittorio Colombo, Katrin Fellerer, Anika Reifschneider, more

Molecular Neurodegeneration > 2018 > 13 > 1 > 1-16

Background Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) lead to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) while the complete loss of progranulin (PGRN) function results in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a lysosomal storage disease. Thus the growth factor-like protein PGRN may play an important role in lysosomal degradation. In line with a potential lysosomal function,...

article

Glutamatergic nervous system degeneration in a C. elegans TauA152T tauopathy model involves pathways of excitotoxicity and Ca2+ dysregulation

Bikash Choudhary, Eckhard Mandelkow, Eva-Maria Mandelkow, Ghulam Jeelani Pir

Neurobiology of Disease > 2018 > 117 > C > 189-202

Mutations in the gene encoding Tau (MAPT-microtubule-associated protein tau) cause a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. A recently identified Tau variant, p.A152T, has been reported as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia-related disorders and Alzheimer disease. However, the mechanism for the pathologies still remain poorly understood. Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing...

article

Cathepsins: Proteases that are vital for survival but can also be fatal

Seema Patel, Ahmad Homaei, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Nadeem Akhtar

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy > 2018 > 105 > C > 526-532

The state of enzymes in the human body determines the normal physiology or pathology, so all the six classes of enzymes are crucial. Proteases, the hydrolases, can be of several types based on the nucleophilic amino acid or the metal cofactor needed for their activity. Cathepsins are proteases with serine, cysteine, or aspartic acid residues as the nucleophiles, which are vital for digestion, coagulation,...

article

Synergistic action of cathepsin B, L, D and calpain in disassembly and degradation of myofibrillar protein of grass carp

Lihong Ge, Yanshun Xu, Wenshui Xia, Qixing Jiang

Food Research International > 2018 > 109 > C > 481-488

The objective of this study was to investigate the differential role of cathepsin B, L, D and calpain in degradation and disassembly of myofilament. Myofibrillar protein of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was incubated with proteases monotonously, simultaneously or sequentially. Subsequently, protein degradation were detected using SDS-PAGE and myofilament disassembly induced by changes of non-covalent...

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Search results

Inhibition of endogenous protease activity and protection of histomorphical integrity during refrigerated storage of grass carp fillets by treatment with natural edible di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids

The KNRL nuclear receptor controls hydrolase‐mediated vitellin breakdown during embryogenesis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Distinct antigen uptake receptors route to the same storage compartments for cross‐presentation in dendritic cells

The lysosomal endopeptidases Cathepsin D and L are selective and effective proteases for the middle‐down characterization of antibodies

Multiple sites on SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein are susceptible to proteolysis by cathepsins B, K, L, S, and V

The effect of phytic acid on enzymatic degradation of dentin

MiR-491-3p is down-regulated in postmenopausal osteoporosis and affects growth, differentiation and apoptosis of hFOB1.19 cells through targeting CTSS

Impairment of the autophagy system in repetitively UVA‐irradiated fibroblasts

Secreted cathepsin L-like peptidases are involved in the degradation of trapped antibodies on the surface of Echinostoma caproni

Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species‐dependent pexophagy in Arabidopsis leaves

Chronic neurodegeneration induces type I interferon synthesis via STING, shaping microglial phenotype and accelerating disease progression

Full‐thickness rotator cuff tear in rat results in distinct temporal expression of multiple proteases in tendon, muscle, and cartilage

The structure and function of Iristatin, a novel immunosuppressive tick salivary cystatin

Cinnamaldehyde regulates H₂O ₂‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy by ameliorating the proteolytic and antioxidant defense systems

Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death

Ferroptosis is a lysosomal cell death process

Early lysosomal maturation deficits in microglia triggers enhanced lysosomal activity in other brain cells of progranulin knockout mice

Glutamatergic nervous system degeneration in a C. elegans TauA152T tauopathy model involves pathways of excitotoxicity and Ca2+ dysregulation

Cathepsins: Proteases that are vital for survival but can also be fatal

Synergistic action of cathepsin B, L, D and calpain in disassembly and degradation of myofibrillar protein of grass carp

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