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article

Optimal confidence intervals for the relative risk and odds ratio

Weizhen Wang, Shuiyun Lu, Tianfa Xie

Statistics in Medicine > 42 > 3 > 281 - 296

The relative risk and odds ratio are widely used in many fields, including biomedical research, to compare two treatments. Extensive research has been done to infer the two parameters through approximate or exact confidence intervals. However, these intervals may be liberal or conservative. A natural question is whether the intervals can be further improved in maintaining the correct confidence coefficient...

article

Electricity metering and classification of tampered meters

Harrison O. Amuji, Raymond O. Opara, Nicholas N. Tasie, Justice C. Mbachu

World Scientific News > 2023 > 175 > 53-70

In this paper, we identified electric meter tampering as a major problem for DISCOs and developed a technique that determined the status of each customer’s electricity meter using 100 samples data points on electricity consumption data. The data was modeled and the expected electricity consumption for the month was determined. We also determine the consumers meter status and classify them based on...

article

Optimal subsidy design for shore power usage in ship berthing operations

Shuaian Wang, Jingwen Qi, Gilbert Laporte

Naval Research Logistics (NRL) > 69 > 4 > 566 - 580

Maritime transportation is the backbone of international trade but ships emit a large amount of air pollutants at ports. To encourage ships to use clean energy while berthing at port, subsidies are provided to ship operators that use clean energy and the subsidy amount is generally determined based on subjective judgment. We, therefore, examine the optimal subsidy design for government‐operated ports,...

article

Determination of the number of observers needed to evaluate a subjective test and its application in two PD‐L1 studies

Gang Han, Michael J. Schell, Emily S. Reisenbichler, Bohong Guo, more

Statistics in Medicine > 41 > 8 > 1361 - 1375

In pathological studies, subjective assays, especially companion diagnostic tests, can dramatically affect treatment of cancer. Binary diagnostic test results (ie, positive vs negative) may vary between pathologists or observers who read the tumor slides. Some tests have clearly defined criteria resulting in highly concordant outcomes, even with minimal training. Other tests are more challenging....

article

Multiple imputation confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete distributions for incomplete data

Chung‐Han Lee, Hsiuying Wang

Statistics in Medicine > 41 > 7 > 1172 - 1190

Confidence intervals for the mean of discrete exponential families are widely used in many applications. Since missing data are commonly encountered, the interval estimation for incomplete data is an important problem. The performances of the existing multiple imputation confidence intervals are unsatisfactory. We propose modified multiple imputation confidence intervals to improve the existing confidence...

article

Flexible time reduction method for burn‐in of high‐quality products

Daniel Kurz, Horst Lewitschnig, Juergen Pilz

Quality and Reliability Engineering International > 37 > 6 > 2900 - 2915

Burn‐in is an effective method to screen out early failures of electronic devices. Typically, this is achieved by operating the devices under accelerated stress conditions. This paper focuses on a burn‐in concept where a random sample of devices is drawn out of the running production, put to burn‐in, and investigated for early failures. This procedure is called burn‐in study. In parallel, as long...

article

Convex transform order of Beta distributions with some consequences

Idir Arab, Paulo Eduardo Oliveira, Tilo Wiklund

Statistica Neerlandica > 75 > 3 > 238 - 256

The convex transform order is one way to make precise comparison between the skewness of probability distributions on the real line. We establish a simple and complete characterization of when one Beta distribution is smaller than another according to the convex transform order. As an application, we derive monotonicity properties for the probability of Beta distributed random variables exceeding...

article

Interplay between symmetry, convexity and negation of a probability distribution

Amit Srivastava, Priya Tanwar

International Journal of Intelligent Systems > 36 > 4 > 1876 - 1897

Negation in general represents the contradiction and denial of anything. In classical logic, negation is identified as the logical connective that takes truthfulness to falsehood. However, there can be situations in which we have to deal with the possibility of any truth value besides true or false. The probability theory has been effective in modelling such situations. Therefore exploring the concept...

article

Atomic Fisher information and entanglement forecasting for quantum system based on artificial neural network and time series model

S. Abdel‐khalek, Azhri Alhag, Mahmoud Ragab, S. M. Abo‐Dahab, more

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry > 121 > 4 > n/a - n/a

In this article, we apply a statistical model for forecasting the quantum entanglement between a two‐qubit and optical field in binomial distribution. We explore the link between the atomic Fisher information, quantum entropy, and the statistical properties of the field. The qubit‐qubit entanglement is investigated through concurrence during the interaction time. The dynamics of the statistical quantities...

article

A combinatorial approach in predicting the outcome of tennis matches

Ana Šarčević, Mihaela Vranić, Damir Pintar

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science > 2021 > Vol. 31, no. 3 > 525--538

Tennis, as one of the most popular individual sports in the world, holds an important role in the betting world. There are two main categories of bets: pre-match betting, which is conducted before the match starts, and live betting, which allows placing bets during the sporting event. Betting systems rely on setting sports odds, something historically done by domain experts. Setting odds for live...

article

Asymptotic for the cumulative distribution function of the degrees and homomorphism densities for random graphs sampled from a graphon

Jean‐François Delmas, Jean‐Stéphane Dhersin, Marion Sciauveau

Random Structures & Algorithms > 58 > 1 > 94 - 149

We give asymptotics for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for degrees of large dense random graphs sampled from a graphon. The proof is based on precise asymptotics for binomial random variables. This result is a first step for giving a nonparametric test for identifying the degree function of a large random graph. Replacing the indicator function in the empirical CDF by a smoother function,...

article

Corrected estimator of sensitive population proportion using unknown repeated trials in the unrelated question randomized response model

Lovleen Kumar Grover, Amanpreet Kaur

Biometrical Journal > 62 > 5 > 1337 - 1342

In this paper, we have pointed out a major mistake in the research paper of Singh and Mathur [(2004). Unknown repeated trials in the unrelated question randomized response model, Biometrical Journal, 46:375–378]. We have corrected this mistake and proposed the corresponding corrected estimator of sensitive population proportion. Furthermore, we have obtained the variance of our proposed estimator...

article

Dynamic probability control limits for CUSUM charts for monitoring proportions with time‐varying sample sizes

Burcu Aytaçoğlu, William H. Woodall

Quality and Reliability Engineering International > 36 > 2 > 592 - 603

We consider the problem of monitoring a proportion with time‐varying sample sizes. Control charts are generally designed by assuming a fixed sample size or a priori knowledge of a sample size probability distribution. Sometimes, it is not possible to know, or accurately estimate, a sample size distribution or the distribution may change over time. An improper assumption for the sample size distribution...

article

Non‐stochastic behavior in sodium chlorate crystallization

José‐Manuel Cruz, Karem Hernández‐Lechuga, Israel Domínguez‐Valle, Alejandro Fuentes‐Beltrán, more

Chirality > 32 > 1 > 120 - 134

NaClO₃ is achiral in solution. If crystallization is performed under a static set‐up, it is recognized that the stochastic nucleation probability results in a racemic mixture of the conglomerate. In this paper, we report a reexamination of the crystallization of NaClO₃ from static solution in petri dishes that was conducted over a number of years and is based on the count and analysis of several thousand...

article

An Improved Saddlepoint Approximation Based on the Negative Binomial Distribution for the General Birth Process

Gordon K. Smyth, Heather M. Podlich

Computational Statistics > 2002 > 17 > 1 > 17-28

Summary Daniels (JAP 1982) gave a saddlepoint approximation to the probabilities of a general birth process. This paper gives an improved approximation which is only slightly more complex than Daniels’ approximation and which has considerably reduced relative error in most cases. The new approximation has the characteristic that it is exact whenever the birth rates can be reordered into a linear increasing...

article

Win or Lose? Listen to a Martingale!

Kapil Hari Paranjape

Resonance > 2019 > 24 > 6 > 681-684

The author did not learn probability theory properly when it was taught to him as an undergraduate. However, now that he has to teach, it has become a fascination. The problem stated below was given to second year students of the IISER BS-MS programme as an examination question; they answered it in interesting ways. An earlier article in Resonance [1] also talks about martingales.

article

Ensemble confidence intervals for binomial proportions

Hayeon Park, Lawrence M. Leemis

Statistics in Medicine > 38 > 18 > 3460 - 3475

We propose two measures of performance for a confidence interval for a binomial proportion p: the root mean squared error and the mean absolute deviation. We also devise a confidence interval for p based on the actual coverage function that combines several existing approximate confidence intervals. This “Ensemble” confidence interval has improved statistical properties over the constituent confidence...

article

A formula for a two‐dice horse race

Joerg Meyer

Teaching Statistics > 41 > 1 > 14 - 17

A formula is derived for a ‘two‐dice horse race’, in which two ordinary dice are thrown repeatedly and each time the sum of the scores determines which horse (numbered 2 to 12) moves forward one space. This paper answers a question posed in a former Teaching Statistics article, and demonstrates the value of simulation.

article

A hybrid binomial inverse hypergeometric probability distribution: Theory and applications

Herbert Jodlbauer, Matthias Dehmer, Sonja Strasser

Applied Mathematics and Computation > 2018 > 338 > C > 44-54

In this paper, we define a novel probability distribution triggered by a due date setting problem from a multi-item single level production system. As a result, we derive a recurrence relation for the underlying distribution function and, finally, we also infer the novel discrete distribution function. We underpin our analytical findings by numerical results when computing the distribution function,...

article

A 5 GHz narrow‐beam leaky‐wave antenna using binomially distributed slot based substrate integrated waveguide

Memoona Farooq, Muhammad U. Khan, Hammad M. Cheema

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters > 60 > 9 > 2288 - 2293

This article presents a planar substrate integrated waveguide based leaky wave antenna (LWA) with narrow beamwidth, high directivity, and low side lobe levels (SLL). Through first‐time use of binomially distributed slots, a significant decrease in SLL along with a small form factor is achieved. Designed on a Rogers 5880 substrate, the proposed design occupies 250 × 45 mm² exhibiting a beamwidth of...

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Search results

Optimal confidence intervals for the relative risk and odds ratio

Electricity metering and classification of tampered meters

Optimal subsidy design for shore power usage in ship berthing operations

Determination of the number of observers needed to evaluate a subjective test and its application in two PD‐L1 studies

Multiple imputation confidence intervals for the mean of the discrete distributions for incomplete data

Flexible time reduction method for burn‐in of high‐quality products

Convex transform order of Beta distributions with some consequences

Interplay between symmetry, convexity and negation of a probability distribution

Atomic Fisher information and entanglement forecasting for quantum system based on artificial neural network and time series model

A combinatorial approach in predicting the outcome of tennis matches

Asymptotic for the cumulative distribution function of the degrees and homomorphism densities for random graphs sampled from a graphon

Corrected estimator of sensitive population proportion using unknown repeated trials in the unrelated question randomized response model

Dynamic probability control limits for CUSUM charts for monitoring proportions with time‐varying sample sizes

Non‐stochastic behavior in sodium chlorate crystallization

An Improved Saddlepoint Approximation Based on the Negative Binomial Distribution for the General Birth Process

Win or Lose? Listen to a Martingale!

Ensemble confidence intervals for binomial proportions

A formula for a two‐dice horse race

A hybrid binomial inverse hypergeometric probability distribution: Theory and applications

A 5 GHz narrow‐beam leaky‐wave antenna using binomially distributed slot based substrate integrated waveguide

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