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article

Unintentional transport of fungi propagules to Antarctic biome and the ability to develop at low temperatures

Anna Augustyniuk-Kram

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae > 2020 > 18 > 5 > 271-281

Filamentous fungi relatively easily disperse and colonize a variety of substrates, inhabiting various, often extreme environments. Therefore, they spread all over the world. The purpose of the research was to determine whether the propagules of filamentous fungi brought (accidentally transported) into the Antarctic biome by tourists and members of scientific expeditions are capable of developing at...

article

Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research

Jeroen Ingels, Richard B. Aronson, Craig R. Smith, Amy Baco, more

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change > 12 > 1 > n/a - n/a

The calving of A‐68, the 5,800‐km², 1‐trillion‐ton iceberg shed from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in July 2017, is one of over 10 significant ice‐shelf loss events in the past few decades resulting from rapid warming around the Antarctic Peninsula. The rapid thinning, retreat, and collapse of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula are harbingers of warming effects around the entire continent. Ice shelves...

article

Detecting glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean

Sally C. Y. Lau, Nerida G. Wilson, Catarina N. S. Silva, Jan M. Strugnell

Ecography > 43 > 11 > 1639 - 1656

Throughout the Quaternary, the continental‐based Antarctic ice sheets expanded and contracted repeatedly. Evidence suggests that during glacial maxima, grounded ice eliminated most benthic (bottom‐dwelling) fauna across the Antarctic continental shelf. However, paleontological and molecular evidence indicates most extant Antarctica benthic taxa have persisted in situ throughout the Quaternary. Where...

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Insights into the Production and Role of Nitric Oxide in the Antarctic Sea‐ice Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Fraser Kennedy, Andrew Martin, Andrew McMinn, K. Valentin

Journal of Phycology > 56 > 5 > 1196 - 1207

Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized as an important transmitter molecule in biological systems, from animals to plants and microbes. However, the role of NO in marine photosynthetic microbes remains unclear and even less is known about the role of this metabolite in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms. Using a combination of microsensors, microfluidic chambers, and artificial sea‐ice tanks, a basic mechanistic...

article

Long‐term projections of sea‐level rise from ice sheets

Nicholas R. Golledge

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change > 11 > 2 > n/a - n/a

Under future climate change scenarios it is virtually certain that global mean sea level will continue to rise. But the rate at which this occurs, and the height and time at which it might stabilize, are uncertain. The largest potential contributors to sea level are the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, but these may take thousands of years to fully adjust to environmental changes. Modeled projections...

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H₂ Metabolism revealed by metagenomic analysis of subglacial sediment from East Antarctica

Zhifeng Yang, Yu Zhang, Yongxin Lv, Wenkai Yan, more

Journal of Microbiology > 2019 > 57 > 12 > 1095-1104

Subglacial ecosystems harbor diverse chemoautotrophic microbial communities in areas with limited organic carbon, and lithological H₂ produced during glacial erosion has been considered an important energy source in these ecosystems. To verify the H₂-utilizing potential there and to identify the related energy-converting metabolic mechanisms of these communities, we performed metagenomic analysis...

article

Experimental cryoconite holes as mesocosms for studying community ecology

Pacifica Sommers, Dorota L. Porazinska, John L. Darcy, Felix Zamora, more

Polar Biology > 2019 > 42 > 11 > 1973-1984

Cryoconite holes are surface melt-holes in ice containing sediments and typically organisms. In Antarctica, they form an attractive system of isolated mesocosms in which to study microbial community dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. Although microbial assemblages within the cryoconite holes most closely resemble those from local streams, they develop their own distinctive composition. Here, we characterize...

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Phylogenetic diversity of dimethylsulfoniopropionatedependent demethylase gene dmdA in distantly related bacteria isolated from Arctic and Antarctic marine environments

Yinxin Zeng

Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2019 > 38 > 8 > 64-71

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is mainly produced by marine phytoplankton as an osmolyte, antioxidant, predator deterrent, or cryoprotectant. DMSP is also an important carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. Bacteria may metabolize DMSP via the demethylation pathway involving the DMSP demethylase gene (dmdA) or the cleavage pathway involving several different DMSP lyase genes. Most DMSP released...

article

Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea‐ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus survives long‐term darkness

Fraser Kennedy, Andrew Martin, John P. Bowman, Richard Wilson, more

New Phytologist > 223 > 2 > 675 - 691

Light underneath Antarctic sea‐ice is below detectable limits for up to 4 months of the year. The ability of Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms to survive this prolonged darkness relies on their metabolic capability. This study is the first to examine the proteome of a prominent sea‐ice diatom in response to extended darkness, focusing on the protein‐level mechanisms of dark survival. The Antarctic diatom...

article

Variability in Antarctic sea ice from 1998 to 2017

Zhankai Wu, Xingdong Wang

Environmental Science and Pollution Research > 2019 > 26 > 22 > 22312- 22322

This study was based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the NASA Team algorithm from 1998 to 2017. The Antarctic sea ice was analyzed from the total sea ice area (SIA), first-year ice area, and multiyear ice area. On a temporal scale, the changes in sea ice parameters were studied over the whole 20 years. The results showed that the total SIA increased by 0.0087 × 10⁶ km² year⁻¹ (+ 2.08%...

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Structure-Forming Peculiarities at the Early Stage of Antarctic–Australia Separation Based on Physical Modeling

E. P. Dubinin, G. L. Leitchenkov, A. L. Grokholsky, V. M. Sergeeva, more

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth > 2019 > 55 > 2 > 256-269

The peculiarities of the formation of the structure of the Earth’s crust in the Australian–Antarctic basin during the early break-up between Australia and Antarctica are considered. The study period encompasses long-lasting rifting (~160–80 Ma), ultraslow spreading (~80–45 Ma) with the formation of the proto-oceanic mainly ultrabasic crust, spreading (~45–40 Ma), and stationary sea-floor spreading...

article

Toward a rapid method for the study of biodiversity in cold environments: the characterization of psychrophilic yeasts by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Joseph J. Dalluge, Elizabeth C. Brown, Laurie B. Connell

Extremophiles > 2019 > 23 > 4 > 461-466

To investigate the potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) as a platform to support biodiversity and phylogenetic studies of psychrophilic yeasts in cold environments, the technique was employed to rapidly characterize and distinguish three psychrophilic yeasts (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Naganishia vishniacii, and Dioszegia cryoxerica) from three mesophilic...

article

An analysis of maximum body size and designation of size categories for notothenioid fishes

Joseph T. Eastman

Polar Biology > 2019 > 42 > 6 > 1131-1145

There has been no comprehensive study of body size in notothenioid fishes. Therefore I evaluated maximum total length (TL) as an axis of the evolutionary radiation. Lengths are provided for 141 species that collectively range in maximum adult size from 5.7 cm (Harpagifer nybelini) to 225 cm (Dissostichus eleginoides), a 39-fold difference. For the 138 species analyzed, the mean length is 33.5 cm and...

article

Future recovery of baleen whales is imperiled by climate change

Vivitskaia J. D. Tulloch, Éva E. Plagányi, Christopher Brown, Anthony J. Richardson, more

Global Change Biology > 25 > 4 > 1263 - 1281

Historical harvesting pushed many whale species to the brink of extinction. Although most Southern Hemisphere populations are slowly recovering, the influence of future climate change on their recovery remains unknown. We investigate the impacts of two anthropogenic pressures—historical commercial whaling and future climate change—on populations of baleen whales (blue, fin, humpback, Antarctic minke,...

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The Arctic's sea ice cover: trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic

Mark C. Serreze, Walter N. Meier

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences > 1436 > 1 > 36 - 53

As assessed over the period of satellite observations, October 1978 to present, there are downward linear trends in Arctic sea ice extent for all months, largest at the end of the melt season in September. The ice cover is also thinning. Downward trends in extent and thickness have been accompanied by pronounced interannual and multiyear variability, forced by both the atmosphere and ocean. As the...

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Assessing patterns of diversity, bathymetry and distribution at the poles using Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) as a model group

Marta Ronowicz, Álvaro L. Peña Cantero, Borja Mercado Casares, Piotr Kukliński, more

Hydrobiologia > 2019 > 833 > 1 > 25-51

The Arctic and Antarctic share many oceanographical features but differ greatly in their geological histories. These divergent aspects lead to similarities and differences between the sets of species inhabiting the poles. However, the patterns are not unambiguously homogenous throughout the tree of life. For the first time, Hydrozoa (Leptothecata and Anthoathecata) is used as a model group to study...

article

Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean?

Salomé Fabri‐Ruiz, Bruno Danis, Bruno David, Thomas Saucède, more

Diversity and Distributions > 25 > 1 > 21 - 37

Aim Species distribution modelling (SDM) represents a valuable alternative to predict species distribution over vast and remote areas of the ocean. We tested whether reliable SDMs can be generated for benthic marine organisms at the scale of the Southern Ocean. We aimed at identifying the main large‐scale factors that determine the distribution of the selected species. The robustness of SDMs was...

article

Polskie badania polarne z zakresu meteorologii i klimatologii

Rajmund Przybylak, Andrzej Araźny, Mirosław Miętus, Krzysztof Migała, more

Przegląd Geofizyczny > 2019 > Z. 1-2 > 3--33

W artykule dokonano przeglądu i podsumowania dorobku polskich badań meteorologicznych i klimatologicznych w obydwu obszarach polarnych w ujęciu historycznym. Omówiono różne aspekty tegoż dorobku, poczynając od organizacji i udziału w wyprawach polarnych, prowadzonego w ich trakcie zakresu pomiarów i obserwacji meteorologicznych oraz uzyskanych wyników dotyczących poznania pogody i klimatu badanych...

article

Obszary polarne w badaniach globalnego atmosferycznego obwodu elektrycznego Ziemi

Anna Odzimek

Przegląd Geofizyczny > 2019 > Z. 1-2 > 35--71

W artykule przedstawiono główne cechy ziemskich obszarów polarnych, Arktyki i Antarktyki, z punktu widzenia ich przynależności do globalnego atmosferycznego obwodu elektrycznego Ziemi oraz połączenia z układem prądów elektrycznych magnetosfery Ziemi. Omówiono lokalizację i chronologię obserwacji i badań elektryczności atmosfery w regionach polarnych do roku 2015, których znacząca liczba miała miejsce...

article

Screening for production of proteinase inhibitors by Antarctic Streptomycetes

Darina Blagovest Dimitrova‐Stefanova, Blagovesta Todorova Gocheva

Journal of Basic Microbiology > 58 > 12 > 1033 - 1042

Three out of 17 Streptomycetes strains – Streptomyces sp. 35 LBG09, Streptomyces sp. 36 LBG09, and Streptomyces sp. 39 LBG09, were selected based on the high production of proteinase inhibitors with trypsin serine proteinase activity. The strains were isolated from soil samples taken from the area around the Bulgarian station on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Biosynthesis of proteinase inhibitors...

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Search results

Unintentional transport of fungi propagules to Antarctic biome and the ability to develop at low temperatures

Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research

Detecting glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean

Insights into the Production and Role of Nitric Oxide in the Antarctic Sea‐ice Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Long‐term projections of sea‐level rise from ice sheets

H₂ Metabolism revealed by metagenomic analysis of subglacial sediment from East Antarctica

Experimental cryoconite holes as mesocosms for studying community ecology

Phylogenetic diversity of dimethylsulfoniopropionatedependent demethylase gene dmdA in distantly related bacteria isolated from Arctic and Antarctic marine environments

Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea‐ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus survives long‐term darkness

Variability in Antarctic sea ice from 1998 to 2017

Structure-Forming Peculiarities at the Early Stage of Antarctic–Australia Separation Based on Physical Modeling

Toward a rapid method for the study of biodiversity in cold environments: the characterization of psychrophilic yeasts by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

An analysis of maximum body size and designation of size categories for notothenioid fishes

Future recovery of baleen whales is imperiled by climate change

The Arctic's sea ice cover: trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic

Assessing patterns of diversity, bathymetry and distribution at the poles using Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) as a model group

Can we generate robust species distribution models at the scale of the Southern Ocean?

Polskie badania polarne z zakresu meteorologii i klimatologii

Obszary polarne w badaniach globalnego atmosferycznego obwodu elektrycznego Ziemi

Screening for production of proteinase inhibitors by Antarctic Streptomycetes

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