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We present the first approach to automated audio captioning. We employ an encoder-decoder scheme with an alignment model in between. The input to the encoder is a sequence of log mel-band energies calculated from an audio file, while the output is a sequence of words, i.e. a caption. The encoder is a multi-layered, bi-directional gated recurrent unit (GRU) and the decoder a multi-layered GRU with...
3D QLC (Quad-Level-Cell) NAND technology with 16 voltage levels per cell will be one of the next generation memory technologies after 3D TLC (Triple Level Cell) NAND flash succeeded. Besides, program algorithm for 16 voltage levels is studied in this paper, the important read algorithms are investigated because the data errors of QLC device will be easily generated due to power loss, program distribute,...
In this paper a method to control the output current of a three-phase grid connected two-level converter is presented. The current control approach is a finite control set model predictive control with sphere decoding. Sphere decoding algorithm gives a computationally efficient solution of the problem for long horizons. The goal of the control algorithm is to minimize the grid current tracking error...
Recent advancements in powered lower limb prostheses have led to the development of neural-machine interfaces for natural control during bipedal locomotion. In particular, electromyography (EMG) patterns recorded from the amputated limb can be leveraged to infer the intended gait pattern of the user. However, the optimal control strategy for translating the EMG patterns to kinematic space remains...
Advanced powered lower-limb prosthetic devices require an intuitive and flexible user control interface to work in a dynamic environment. This study investigated the feasibility of inferring muscle activation patterns (electromyography, EMG, envelope) from non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Six healthy individuals participated in this study; the subjects were instructed to walk at...
Translation of natural language text using statistical machine translation (SMT) is a supervised machine learning problem. SMT algorithms are trained to learn how to translate by providing many translations produced by human language experts. The field SMT has gained momentum in recent three decades. New techniques are constantly introduced by the researchers. This is survey paper presenting an introduction...
An adaptive threshold decoding algorithm is proposed for recovering visible light communication signals transmitted by a LED-based display. The measured BER of data received from a 4-frame/s micro-LED display is improved from 6.9×10−2 to 4.4×10−4 using the proposed algorithm compared to conventional constant threshold scheme.
In this paper, we present a nonuniform quantizer based on the condition of maximum information rate achieved over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel and when successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm of polar codes is applied. Based on symmetry condition of random variables, we start with theoretical model where uniform scaling factors are applied to correct soft messages at the absence of...
In this paper, the principle of density evolution (DE) combined with the normalized minimum-sum (NMS) decoding process is explored. It is demonstrated that with one properly chosen parameters for NMS algorithm, then almost the same behaviour of sum-product (SP) algorithm is achieved. As well, the complexity reduction is realized by calculating a linear function instead of nonlinear function. Simulation...
With the significant increase of the network heterogeneity and the wide use of emerging video applications such as wireless sensor networks, video surveillance systems or remote sensing, the Distributed Scalable Video Coding (DSVC) is a potential solution for efficiently transmitting and storing video data due to its high compression efficiency and low encoding complexity capabilities. In DSVC framework,...
The bit mapping pattern has a crucial effect on the error performance of a bit-interleaved polar-coded modulation (BIPCM) system. In this paper, we have shown that a large proportion of the mapping patterns are producing the same error performances and are hence redundant as far as mapping optimization is concerned. An effective method is then proposed to eliminate the redundant mapping patterns and...
This work presents a self-adaptation algorithm to automatically adjust the peaking settings of a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) in a high-speed PAM4 receiver. A statistical approach is adopted to improve the robustness and flexibility of the adaptation algorithm. The PAM4 top level distribution around the peak value of several consecutive top levels guides the CTLE to attain the optimal digital...
A parameter optimization scheme of block interleaver for polar coding with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is proposed in this paper. We analyze the characteristics of a random interleaver applied to polar codes with high-order modulation, which is ideal but infeasible to implement. Then we derive the parameter optimization algorithm of block interleaver for polar coding with BICM. The block...
In a binary input additive white Gaussian noise (BIAWGN) channel, belief propagation (BP) decoding for luby transform (LT) codes requires the knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver to achieve its optimal performance. An erroneous estimation of the SNR at the decoder is referred to as “SNR mismatch”. SNR mismatch can significantly degrade the BP decoding performance of LT codes...
Molecular communications (MC) is a promising paradigm which utilizes molecules to implement communication among nano-machines. Cooperative relaying strategies can be used to extend communication distance and achieve reliable remote communications. In this paper, a two-hop diffusion-based molecular communication with three nano-machine nodes is considered. To mitigate the drawback of traditional cooperative...
In this paper, we propose an algebraic approach to design extremely low rate low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by employing the primitive polynomials. We first investigate the requirements for the polynomials to construct 4-cycle free LDPC codes and then propose an algebraic approach to design the parity check matrix. To achieve a better decoding performance in the extremely low rate region, we...
We study the information rates of several unipolar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes in discrete-time Gaussian optical intensity channels under average optical power constraint. All our results are derived under the assumption that i.i.d. complex Gaussian codebook ensemble and nearest neighbor decoding (minimum Euclidean distance decoding) are used. Results for single-component...
Current multi-user detection scheme for sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is iterative message passing algorithm (MPA) in which the message update strategy is in a parallel manner. To take full advantage of MPA's feature of parallelism, this letter proposes a hardware implementation strategy of max-log MPA decoder used in SCMA systems with soft baseband, which is based on general-purpose computing...
The existing secure transmission methods based on fountain codes require a quite dominant quality of the main channel. In this paper, we propose a novel feedback-based method for fountain code to achieve stronger security. In the binary erasure channel model, the legitimate user shares the decoding situation with transmitter via feedback messages. The transmitter updates the coding process based on...
This paper proposes a dynamic power splitting scheme in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based 5G system with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). With the proposed scheme user devices can harvest the maximum amount of energy while still achieve the same data rate as that achieved in the traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes. Theoretical analysis is conducted...
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