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Network lifetime has become the key characteristic for evaluating sensor networks in an application-specific way. In this paper, we focus on Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks, which are specific opportunistic networks because of their poor connectivity among the mobile sensors, and thus it is difficult to form a well connected mesh network for transmitting data through end-to-end connections from the...
Wireless Sensor Networks consist of nodes which are deployed over the field to gather useful information and send the required data to the base station for further processing. In WSNs, nodes have limited power and shorter lifetime so, it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient manner and enhance the lifetime of the network. Ant Colony Optimization, a Swarm Intelligence based...
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), routing is a challenging task due to traffic and network size. To route the number of packets in WSN, the idea is to consider about Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). The first hybrid routing protocol having proactive and reactive features was ZRP. Reconfigurable Wireless Networks has an ability to reconstruct its networks if network crash takes place and ZRP follow, highly...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the emerging technological fields due to recent advancements and area of research. The WSN is collection small sensor nodes, which are battery driven and have very less power. Recent research area of WSN focuses on energy consumption, routing, QoS, bandwidth, packet loss etc. This paper focuses on comparative analysis among various existing routing protocols...
This paper proposed a EELP (Energy Efficient LEACH Protocol) routing protocol based on LEACH. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is seminal work in the area of clustering-based protocol, proposed by W.B. Heinzelman. In EELP, all nodes are organized sequentially in the rooms of the apartments of a multi-story building. In this protocol, cluster head (CH) selection is determined as the...
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the life span depends on the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. By reducing the energy consumption of each node frequent node failure can be minimized which in turn increase the lifetime of the network. Among various techniques, clustering is a key technique for extension of network lifetime by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, we focused on simulation...
In a wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor nodes are powered by batteries that can operate for only a short period of time, which results in short network lifetime. The short lifetime disables the application of WSNs for long term tasks such as structural health monitoring for bridges and tunnels, border surveillance, road condition monitoring, etc. In this paper the overall network lifetime is increased...
A wireless sensor network is a group of network nodes which collaborate with each other in a sophisticated fashion. It is built of nodes from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. In WSN, Second layer of the OSI reference layer is a data link layer which has a sub layer of Medium Access Control. The choice of Medium Access...
This paper investigates the best way for representing wireless sensor networks using various topologies of ZigBee. The use of coordination with such networks was investigated together with coordinator load. The investigation has been achieved via the use of different scenarios in the OPNET Modeler simulator. The simulation study investigates the use of coordination with star routing, mesh routing...
In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) hundreds of tiny sensors with limited resources are accommodated to sense the information from the field. Transfer of gathered information from the sensing field to the base station must be done in proficiently to sustain the network longer. Clustering of sensor nodes is one way to achieve this goal. This paper introduces an Energy Efficient clustered routing protocol...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are resource-constrained networks that have been applied in many applications. Many researchers have presented routing protocols to prolong the lifetime of WSNs. In this paper we present a Dynamic Load Balancing Protocol (DLBP) that exploits all network nodes to achieve load balancing and prolong the lifetime of WSN. DLBP has succeeded to build a load balanced tree,...
Generally, the energy of the wireless sensor network (WSN) is powered by limited and portable batteries. Since there is a great challenge along with the increasing demands in sensor networks for multimedia applications, using renewable energy in WSNs becomes essential. In this paper, the nodes in WSN generate renewable energy used for routing and sensing by solar panel and the energy-efficient routing...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the vast area and developing very speedily now-a-days. This paper gives some of the major applications and critical limitations of WSNs like power and lifespan, communication bandwidth, memory size. Sensor nodes are working by node energy so the energy consumption is the essential issue in WSN. Routing in WSN consumes more energy than any other phase. Various routing...
The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is one of the emerging routing standards for multihop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). RPL is based on the construction of a Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG), which offers a loop-free topology to route data packets. While several routing metrics have been proposed in the literature, it is unclear how they perform with...
Public sensing is an application in which sensory systems embedded in smart devices, vehicles, residential and public spaces form a collective cloud of data sources from which multi-owned access points realize end-users' service requests. This conception can be further extended under the umbrella of integrated RFID-Sensor Networks (RSNs) to include RFID systems. Such a configuration is heterogeneous...
In many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, there are many practical considerations that need to be factored into the design of the underlying networking protocols. For example, the need to involve more than one sink node, i.e. more than one data destination, in the network could be one of the main requirements. This requirement stems from the need for the WSN to monitor several phenomena...
The lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) depends upon the available battery power and generally this battery power is non-rechargeable. When the battery of the nodes gets empty they will directly eliminated from the network operation. In this paper we are providing one scheme which is combination of various different schemes and integrating it with the AODV routing algorithm. Our proposed...
The dynamic nature of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) brought a great deal of challenges in preserving privacy of data or security of data where there exists a sets of malicious nodes with the regular nodes in the network where malicious nodes are harmful for the network and might destroy the network. And multiple nodes might be present to cooperate for providing services like data forwarding...
Wireless sensor networks are widely used in our daily life. It consists of various sensors which collect different information containing the identity, status, and location of an object or any other business, social or privately relevant information. But we pay attention to some issues related to sensor's location privacy. In this paper, we focus on protecting the sensor's location by introducing...
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of small sensor nodes capable of sensing (collecting), processing and transmitting data related to some phenomenon in the environment. However, the sensor nodes have severe constraints, such as: low network bandwidth, short wireless communication range, and limited CPU processing capacity, memory storage and power supply. Therefore, maximizing the benefits...
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