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In recent time, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is getting popular in wide range of applications. WSN is the network of Sensor Nodes (SNs) in which each node have sensing, communication and computation facility. The main limitation of WSN is that SNs have limited energy. So the main focus of research in WSN is to improve the Network Lifetime by plummeting energy consumption. Several locations aware...
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are power constrained and have restricted lifetime. This necessitates understanding how much long the network prevails its networking operations as it is first concern of mission critical applications. In recent years, to increase network life, proper uses of routing protocols have been proposed. Soft-computing (SC) technique highly addresses their...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes capable for sensing instantaneously. WSNs are widely deployed in hostile environment on ad-hoc basis. Routing protocols are used to discover a suitable route among sensor nodes and transfer sensed data from one node to another node. Several routing protocols are developed and configured according to their characteristics. Ad-hoc nature...
The sensor nodes are independent and work as sender, receiver and intermediate node in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The sensor nodes are forming the small network in which the one or more sender is sending data to one destination/s through intermediate nodes or sending information to Base Station (BS). The information collect by base station is further analyzed. The nodes are also static or mobile...
A synchronized network time is always necessary for scheduling to achieve energy efficiency, data fusion, localization for WSN applications. The major limitation in a WSN is the battery usage and lifetime of the nodes. Due to the power restriction of nodes, efficient routing is very important to save the battery of sensors to enhance the lifetime of the sensor area. The multi-head chain concept is...
A WSN consist of a large number of small, low cost devices called sensor nodes deployed in an area. These sensor nodes are used for the purpose of monitoring different physical parameters of that particular area. The sensor nodes consist of a low power, irreplaceable battery which has a limited lifetime. To achieve long lifetime of the sensor network, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption by...
Security in wireless sensor networks is critical due to its way of open communication. Packet modification is a common attack in wireless sensor networks. In literature, many schemes have been proposed to mitigate such an attack but very few detect the malicious nodes effectively. In the proposed approach, each node chooses the parent node for forwarding the packet towards sink. Each node adds its...
In remotely deployed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) software faults may occur due to sensor nodes process failures. Fault diagnosis remains a challenging task due to physical inaccessibility of sensor nodes, energy constraints and varying application requirements for latency and reliability. WSN once deployed resort to fault management mechanisms to ensure continued operation. While fault detection...
An optimized coverage algorithm based on the improved PSO is put forward targeted at the issue of coverage and energy consumption in the data-collection-oriented wireless sensor network (WSN). Through improving the valid position of the PSO's computational nodes, the work nodes covering the monitoring zone are chosen according to the network coverage quality to be properly moved. The simulation experiment...
In a Wireless Sensor Network, the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol design is very important due to the constraint of the limited processing capability and the power on wireless sensors. Recently, the IEEE released a revised version of the IEEE 802.15.4, referred to as IEEE 802.15.4e, which defined the Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mechanism. The TSCH then adopted the slotframe structure...
Energy efficiency is one of the key requirements in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In order to optimize energy usage at sensor nodes, this paper proposes a new WSN architecture that relies on concepts of Software Defined Networking (SDN). Since SDN is a relatively new technology, originally envisioned for wired networks, it can't be expected to get immediately adopted in WSN domain, regardless of...
Lately the use of wireless sensor networks for monitoring seismic events has increased; however, these networks depends on the previous acknowledge of the infrastructure and topology. This topology can’t be updated if any of the nodes is lost during a seismic event, in addition the orientation of the first seismic wave can’t be predicted; because of this, it is necessary to use a type of dynamic network...
The Deterministic Networking paradigm, which is prevalent in Operational Technology (OT), is now getting traction at the IETF and the IEEE, to enable the convergence of OT with Information Technology (IT), and the Industrial Internet vision, whereby the automation world can leverage IT technology to optimize OT processes. New Working Groups (WGs) are now emerging at the IETF to develop new routing...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of many small compact devices equipped with sensors. It is a very popular area for exploration. The nodes are movable and set themselves into a network. However in larger networks, geographical routing protocol is required. Geographical routing uses location information to send the packets to the target region. In this paper, some of major geographic routing...
Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. The small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the users due to their remote deployment. Non functioning of any sensor due to its loss of battery power not only deteriorates the network performance but also a challenging job for replacement of energy source. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design...
Group of small sensor nodes that are able of sensing, processing and transmitting data correlated to some occurrence in the network area are termed as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The sensor nodes have rigorous shortcomings, such as: bandwidth, short broadcasting range, limited CPU processing facility, memory and energy. Energy efficient routing algorithms have been mentioned in various articles...
Wireless Sensor Networks have been organized for various aspects like, data collection, security, tracking, military applications etc. But one of the major challenges in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that is yet to be sorted out is the lack of energy efficiency which retards the lifetime of the network. Clustering or Hierarchical routing is good solution for reducing much of energy consumption in...
Motivated by the needs of WSNs with strip structure that is ubiquitous in real world deployment, such as pipeline monitoring, water quality monitoring and GreatWall monitoring, this paper presents a new geographic opportunistic routing to cope with the routing problem that is the transmission success rate will decrease in the complicated strip networks. In this paper, depending on investigating the...
Energy efficient routing is the paramount point of significance in any wireless sensor network (WSN) so that the network sustains without any human intervention. Various energy efficient protocols have been proposed, multi-level Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) being one among these. The multi-level LEACH protocol involves election of cluster heads at various hierarchical levels. If...
To provide best cultivation conditions, the agricultural environment monitoring systems are developed based on various wireless sensors. RPL routing, which is targeting the large-scale wireless sensor network, can work effectively in agriculture environment consisting of constrained sensor devices. Each sensor node can transmit sensing data to monitoring system using periodic inter-sensor multi-hop...
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